वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-173

तस्य सा कायमुद्वीक्ष्य वर्धमानं महाकपेः ।
वक्त्रं प्रसारयामास पातालाम्बरसंनिभम् ॥१७३॥

173. tasya sā kāyamudvīkṣya vardhamānaṃ mahākapeḥ ,
vaktraṃ prasārayāmāsa pātālāmbarasaṃnibham.

173. tasya sā kāyam udīkṣya vardhamānam mahākapeḥ
vaktrām prasārayāmāsa pātālāmbara-saṃnibham

173. sā mahākapeḥ tasya vardhamānam kāyam udīkṣya
pātālāmbara-saṃnibham vaktrām prasārayāmāsa

173. When she saw the great monkey's body growing larger, she opened her mouth, which resembled the vast expanse of the netherworld (pātāla).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Hanuman) (his, of him, of that)

• सा (sā) - she (Singhika) (she, that (feminine))

• कायम् (kāyam) - body

• उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed)

• वर्धमानम् (vardhamānam) - growing larger (growing, increasing, thriving)

• महाकपेः (mahākapeḥ) - of the great monkey (Hanuman) (of the great monkey)

• वक्त्राम् (vaktrām) - mouth (mouth, face, snout)

• प्रसारयामास (prasārayāmāsa) - spread open (spread out, extended, widened)

• पातालाम्बर-संनिभम् (pātālāmbara-saṁnibham) - resembling the vast space of the netherworld (pātāla) (resembling the netherworld space, like the sky of Pātāla)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Hanuman) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सा (sā) - she (Singhika) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कायम् (kāyam) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, person

From root ci (to gather, heap up)

Root: ci (class 5)

उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root īkṣ with prefix ud and -ya suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form is indeclinable.

वर्धमानम् (vardhamānam) - growing larger (growing, increasing, thriving)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - growing, increasing, thriving, prospering

Present Middle Participle

From root vṛdh + śānac suffix.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Participle.

महाकपेः (mahākapeḥ) - of the great monkey (Hanuman) (of the great monkey)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahākapi

mahākapi - great monkey

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+kapi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)

वक्त्राम् (vaktrām) - mouth (mouth, face, snout)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaktra

vaktra - mouth, face, snout

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Final 'm' indicates accusative singular neuter.

प्रसारयामास (prasārayāmāsa) - spread open (spread out, extended, widened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prasār

Perfect tense

Formed from root sṛ (to go) with prefix pra, and causal suffix -āy (which becomes -ār), then perfect tense ending.

Prefix: pra

Root: sṛ (class 1)

पातालाम्बर-संनिभम् (pātālāmbara-saṁnibham) - resembling the vast space of the netherworld (pātāla) (resembling the netherworld space, like the sky of Pātāla)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pātālāmbara-saṃnibha

pātālāmbara-saṁnibha - resembling the netherworld space, like the sky of Pātāla

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pātāla+ambara+saṃnibha)

• pātāla – netherworld, subterranean region
  noun (masculine)
• ambara – sky, atmosphere, space, garment
  noun (neuter)
• saṃnibha – resembling, similar to
  adjective
  Formed from prefix sam + root bhā (to shine) + ka suffix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhā (class 2)