वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-11

स चचालाचलाश्चारु मुहूर्तं कपिपीडितः ।
तरूणां पुष्पिताग्राणां सर्वं पुष्पमशातयत् ॥११॥

11. sa cacālācalāścāru muhūrtaṃ kapipīḍitaḥ ,
tarūṇāṃ puṣpitāgrāṇāṃ sarvaṃ puṣpamaśātayat.

11. saḥ cacāla acalaḥ cāru muhūrtaṃ kapipīḍitaḥ
tarūṇām puṣpitāgrāṇām sarvaṃ puṣpam aśātayat

11. That mountain, ordinarily unmoving, being agitated by the monkey (Hanuman), trembled intensely for a moment. It caused all the flowers from the blossoming treetops to fall.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that mountain (he, that (masculine))

• चचाल (cacāla) - trembled (moved, trembled, shook)

• अचलः (acalaḥ) - (the mountain, though) unmoving (unmoving, immovable, mountain)

• चारु (cāru) - intensely, greatly (referring to the extent of shaking) (beautiful, lovely, graceful, thoroughly, well)

• मुहूर्तं (muhūrtaṁ) - for a moment (duration) (a moment, an instant)

• कपिपीडितः (kapipīḍitaḥ) - troubled by the monkey (Hanuman) (tormented/disturbed by a monkey)

• तरूणाम् (tarūṇām) - of the trees (on the mountain) (of the trees)

• पुष्पिताग्राणाम् (puṣpitāgrāṇām) - of the blossoming treetops (of those with flowering tops)

• सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all (all, every)

• पुष्पम् (puṣpam) - flowers (flower)

• अशातयत् (aśātayat) - caused to fall, shed (caused to fall, shed, cut off)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that mountain (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mountain which is the subject of the trembling.

चचाल (cacāla) - trembled (moved, trembled, shook)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of cal

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect, Parasmaipada

Root: cal (class 1)

अचलः (acalaḥ) - (the mountain, though) unmoving (unmoving, immovable, mountain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immovable, unmoving, mountain

compound of 'a' (negation) and 'cala' (moving)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• cala – moving, shaky
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from root 'cal'
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the mountain.

चारु (cāru) - intensely, greatly (referring to the extent of shaking) (beautiful, lovely, graceful, thoroughly, well)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of an adjective.

मुहूर्तं (muhūrtaṁ) - for a moment (duration) (a moment, an instant)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, an instant (duration of time)

Note: Accusative of duration.

कपिपीडितः (kapipīḍitaḥ) - troubled by the monkey (Hanuman) (tormented/disturbed by a monkey)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapipīḍita

kapipīḍita - tormented/disturbed by a monkey

compound of kapi (monkey) and pīḍita (tormented)

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (kapi+pīḍita)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – tormented, troubled, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'pīḍ' (to torment), suffix -ta
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies the mountain (saḥ).

तरूणाम् (tarūṇām) - of the trees (on the mountain) (of the trees)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of taru

taru - tree

पुष्पिताग्राणाम् (puṣpitāgrāṇām) - of the blossoming treetops (of those with flowering tops)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of puṣpitāgra

puṣpitāgra - having flowering tops

compound of 'puṣpita' (flowered) and 'agra' (top)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṣpita+agra)

• puṣpita – flowered, blossomed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'puṣp' (to blossom)
  Root: puṣp (class 1)
• agra – top, tip, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies tarūṇām.

सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Qualifies puṣpam.

पुष्पम् (puṣpam) - flowers (flower)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṣpa

puṣpa - flower, blossom

Note: Object of aśātayat.

अशातयत् (aśātayat) - caused to fall, shed (caused to fall, shed, cut off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of śāt

Imperfect Causative

From root 'śad' (to fall) in causative form (śātayati), with augment 'a' for imperfect tense

Root: śad (class 1)

Note: The subject is saḥ (the mountain).