वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-12

तेन पादपमुक्तेन पुष्पौघेण सुगन्धिना ।
सर्वतः संवृतः शैलो बभौ पुष्पमयो यथा ॥१२॥

12. tena pādapamuktena puṣpaugheṇa sugandhinā ,
sarvataḥ saṃvṛtaḥ śailo babhau puṣpamayo yathā.

12. tena pādapamuktena puṣpaugheṇa sugandhinā
sarvataḥ saṃvṛtaḥ śailaḥ babhau puṣpamayaḥ yathā

12. The mountain, entirely covered by that fragrant deluge of flowers shed by the trees, appeared as if it were wholly composed of blossoms.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that (flood of flowers) (by that, by him, by it)

• पादपमुक्तेन (pādapamuktena) - shed by the trees (released by trees)

• पुष्पौघेण (puṣpaugheṇa) - by the deluge of flowers (by the flood/stream of flowers)

• सुगन्धिना (sugandhinā) - fragrant (fragrant, sweet-smelling)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - all around, entirely (from all sides, on all sides, everywhere)

• संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - covered (covered, enveloped, surrounded)

• शैलः (śailaḥ) - the mountain (mountain, rocky)

• बभौ (babhau) - appeared (shone, appeared, resembled)

• पुष्पमयः (puṣpamayaḥ) - as if made of flowers, flower-like (made of flowers, consisting of flowers)

• यथा (yathā) - as if (as, like, just as)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that (flood of flowers) (by that, by him, by it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the puṣpaugheṇa.

पादपमुक्तेन (pādapamuktena) - shed by the trees (released by trees)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pādapamukta

pādapamukta - released by trees

compound of 'pādapa' (tree) and 'mukta' (released)

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (pādapa+mukta)

• pādapa – tree (lit. 'drinking by foot')
  noun (masculine)
• mukta – released, freed, shed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'muc' (to release), suffix -ta
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies puṣpaugheṇa.

पुष्पौघेण (puṣpaugheṇa) - by the deluge of flowers (by the flood/stream of flowers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puṣpaugha

puṣpaugha - flood/stream of flowers

compound of 'puṣpa' (flower) and 'ogha' (flood)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (puṣpa+ogha)

• puṣpa – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)
• ogha – flood, stream, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Means 'by the mass of flowers'.

सुगन्धिना (sugandhinā) - fragrant (fragrant, sweet-smelling)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sugandhin

sugandhin - fragrant, sweet-smelling

derived from 'su' (good) and 'gandha' (smell)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+gandha)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix for 'good'
• gandhin – smelling, having odor
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from 'gandha' (smell) with possessive suffix -in

Note: Qualifies puṣpaugheṇa.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - all around, entirely (from all sides, on all sides, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

derived from 'sarva' (all) with suffix -tas

Note: Adverb modifying saṃvṛtaḥ.

संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - covered (covered, enveloped, surrounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

from root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies śailaḥ.

शैलः (śailaḥ) - the mountain (mountain, rocky)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaila

śaila - mountain, rocky, a rock

derived from 'śilā' (rock)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

बभौ (babhau) - appeared (shone, appeared, resembled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of bhā

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect, Parasmaipada

Root: bhā (class 2)

पुष्पमयः (puṣpamayaḥ) - as if made of flowers, flower-like (made of flowers, consisting of flowers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṣpamaya

puṣpamaya - made of flowers, consisting of flowers

derived from 'puṣpa' (flower) with suffix -maya (made of)

Note: Predicate adjective for śailaḥ.

यथा (yathā) - as if (as, like, just as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to form a simile.