वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-174

स ददर्श ततस्तस्या विकृतं सुमहन्मुखम् ।
कायमात्रं च मेधावी मर्माणि च महाकपिः ॥१७४॥

174. sa dadarśa tatastasyā vikṛtaṃ sumahanmukham ,
kāyamātraṃ ca medhāvī marmāṇi ca mahākapiḥ.

174. saḥ dadarśa tataḥ tasyāḥ vikṛtam sumahat mukham
kāyamātram ca medhāvī marmāṇi ca mahākapiḥ

174. tataḥ saḥ medhāvī mahākapiḥ tasyāḥ vikṛtam
sumahat kāyamātram mukham ca marmāṇi ca dadarśa

174. Then the sagacious great monkey (mahākapi) saw her deformed, enormous mouth, which was exactly the size of his own body, and also her vital spots.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Hanuman) (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - her (Singhika's) (her, of her, of that (feminine))

• विकृतम् (vikṛtam) - deformed (changed, altered, deformed, hideous)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - enormous (very large, enormous, exceedingly great)

• मुखम् (mukham) - mouth (mouth, face, opening)

• कायमात्रम् (kāyamātram) - exactly the size of his own body (merely the body, body-sized, only as large as the body)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मेधावी (medhāvī) - sagacious (intelligent, wise, sagacious)

• मर्माणि (marmāṇi) - vital spots (vital spots, vulnerable points, secrets)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• महाकपिः (mahākapiḥ) - the great monkey (Hanuman) (the great monkey)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Hanuman) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect form of root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' + 'tas' suffix.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - her (Singhika's) (her, of her, of that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विकृतम् (vikṛtam) - deformed (changed, altered, deformed, hideous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vikṛta

vikṛta - changed, altered, distorted, deformed, hideous

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to make) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Participle.

सुमहत् (sumahat) - enormous (very large, enormous, exceedingly great)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very large, enormous, exceedingly great

From 'su' (good, exceedingly) + 'mahat' (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, excellent, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective

Note: Forms 'sumahat' in neuter nominative/accusative singular.

मुखम् (mukham) - mouth (mouth, face, opening)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, opening, front

कायमात्रम् (kāyamātram) - exactly the size of his own body (merely the body, body-sized, only as large as the body)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāyamātra

kāyamātra - merely the body, body-sized, only as large as the body

Compound with 'mātra' (only, merely).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kāya+mātra)

• kāya – body, person
  noun (masculine)
  From root ci (to gather, heap up)
  Root: ci (class 5)
• mātra – mere, only, measure, size
  adjective
  Suffix implying 'only' or 'size of'.
  Root: mā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Joins 'mukham' and 'marmāṇi'.

मेधावी (medhāvī) - sagacious (intelligent, wise, sagacious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of medhāvin

medhāvin - intelligent, wise, sagacious, possessing wisdom

From 'medhā' (intellect) with 'vin' suffix.

मर्माणि (marmāṇi) - vital spots (vital spots, vulnerable points, secrets)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of marman

marman - vital spot, vulnerable point, joint, secret, essence

n-stem neuter noun.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Also nominative plural. Context indicates accusative.

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

महाकपिः (mahākapiḥ) - the great monkey (Hanuman) (the great monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahākapi

mahākapi - great monkey

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+kapi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)