वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-44

तमूरुवेगोन्मथिताः सालाश्चान्ये नगोत्तमाः ।
अनुजग्मुर्हनूमन्तं सैन्या इव महीपतिम् ॥४४॥

44. tamūruvegonmathitāḥ sālāścānye nagottamāḥ ,
anujagmurhanūmantaṃ sainyā iva mahīpatim.

44. tam ūruvegonmathitāḥ sālāḥ ca anye nagottamāḥ
anujagmuḥ hanūmantaṃ sainyāḥ iva mahīpatim

44. ūruvegonmathitāḥ sālāḥ ca anye nagottamāḥ tam hanūmantaṃ anujagmuḥ,
sainyāḥ iva mahīpatim

44. Uprooted by the force of his thighs, sala trees and other eminent trees followed him, Hanuman, just as soldiers follow their king.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Hanuman) (him, that)

• ऊरुवेगोन्मथिताः (ūruvegonmathitāḥ) - (trees) uprooted by the immense speed of [Hanuman's] thighs (uprooted/churned by the speed of the thighs)

• सालाः (sālāḥ) - the sala trees (sala trees)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अन्ये (anye) - other (trees) (other, different)

• नगोत्तमाः (nagottamāḥ) - excellent trees (excellent trees, best of mountains (trees))

• अनुजग्मुः (anujagmuḥ) - they followed

• हनूमन्तं (hanūmantaṁ) - Hanuman

• सैन्याः (sainyāḥ) - soldiers (soldiers, army men)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as)

• महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - their king (king, lord of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Hanuman) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

ऊरुवेगोन्मथिताः (ūruvegonmathitāḥ) - (trees) uprooted by the immense speed of [Hanuman's] thighs (uprooted/churned by the speed of the thighs)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ūruvegonmathita

ūruvegonmathita - uprooted/churned by the speed of the thighs

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from `ūruvega` (speed of thighs) and `unmathita` (uprooted, churned). `unmathita` is PPP of `ud-√math`.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ūruvega+unmathita)

• ūru – thigh
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, force, velocity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 1)
• unmathita – churned, disturbed, uprooted
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of `ud-√math` (to churn, disturb, uproot). `ud-math` undergoes internal sandhi to `unmath`.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: math (class 1)

Note: Modifying `sālāḥ` and `nagottamāḥ`.

सालाः (sālāḥ) - the sala trees (sala trees)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāla

sāla - sala tree (Shorea robusta)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अन्ये (anye) - other (trees) (other, different)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different, another

नगोत्तमाः (nagottamāḥ) - excellent trees (excellent trees, best of mountains (trees))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nagottama

nagottama - best of trees/mountains, excellent trees

Compound of `naga` (tree, mountain) and `uttama` (best, excellent).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (naga+uttama)

• naga – mountain, tree
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)

अनुजग्मुः (anujagmuḥ) - they followed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (Lit) of anujagmuḥ

Perfect 3rd plural

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of `anu-√gam` (to go after, to follow).

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: From `anu-√gam`, to follow.

हनूमन्तं (hanūmantaṁ) - Hanuman

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hanūmat

hanūmat - Hanuman (name of the monkey deity)

सैन्याः (sainyāḥ) - soldiers (soldiers, army men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainya

sainya - pertaining to an army, a soldier, an army

Derived from senā (army).

इव (iva) - just as (like, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - their king (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound of `mahī` (earth) and `pati` (lord, master).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)