वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-28

रामार्थं वानरार्थं च चिकीर्षन् कर्म दुष्करम् ।
समुद्रस्य परं पारं दुष्प्रापं प्राप्तुमिच्छति ॥२८॥

28. rāmārthaṃ vānarārthaṃ ca cikīrṣan karma duṣkaram ,
samudrasya paraṃ pāraṃ duṣprāpaṃ prāptumicchati.

28. rāmārtham vānarārtham ca cikīrṣan karma duṣkaram
samudrasya param pāram duṣprāpam prāptum icchati

28. rāmārtham vānarārtham ca duṣkaram karma cikīrṣan
samudrasya param duṣprāpam pāram prāptum icchati

28. Desiring to perform a difficult deed (karma) for the sake of Rama and the monkeys, he wishes to reach the far shore of the ocean, which is hard to attain.

Words meanings summery:

• रामार्थम् (rāmārtham) - for the sake of Rama, for Rama's purpose

• वानरार्थम् (vānarārtham) - for the sake of the monkeys, for the monkeys' purpose

• च (ca) - and

• चिकीर्षन् (cikīrṣan) - desiring to do, wishing to perform

• कर्म (karma) - a difficult feat or undertaking (action, deed, work)

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, hard to accomplish

• समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean

• परम् (param) - the far side (far, opposite, other, supreme)

• पारम् (pāram) - shore, bank, other side

• दुष्प्रापम् (duṣprāpam) - difficult to reach, hard to obtain

• प्राप्तुम् (prāptum) - to reach, to obtain

• इच्छति (icchati) - wishes, desires

Words meanings and morphology

रामार्थम् (rāmārtham) - for the sake of Rama, for Rama's purpose

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable formed from compound 'rāma' and 'artha'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāma+artha)

• rāma – Rama (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for Rama's sake'.

वानरार्थम् (vānarārtham) - for the sake of the monkeys, for the monkeys' purpose

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable formed from compound 'vānara' and 'artha'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+artha)

• vānara – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for the monkeys' sake'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चिकीर्षन् (cikīrṣan) - desiring to do, wishing to perform

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cikīrṣat

cikīrṣat - desiring to do/make

present active participle

Present active participle of the desiderative root of √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Hanuman).

कर्म (karma) - a difficult feat or undertaking (action, deed, work)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual action, fate (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'cikīrṣan'.

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, hard to accomplish

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, arduous

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+kara)

• dus – difficult, bad, ill (prefix)
  indeclinable
• kara – making, doing, causing (suffix)
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix from √kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'.

समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Note: Possessive, 'of the ocean'.

परम् (param) - the far side (far, opposite, other, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, distant, supreme, chief

Note: Agrees with 'pāram'.

पारम् (pāram) - shore, bank, other side

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāra

pāra - shore, bank, opposite side, extremity

Note: Object of 'prāptum icchati'.

दुष्प्रापम् (duṣprāpam) - difficult to reach, hard to obtain

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣprāpa

duṣprāpa - difficult to obtain, hard to reach

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+prāpa)

• dus – difficult, bad, ill (prefix)
  indeclinable
• prāpa – reaching, obtaining, what is to be reached/obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  From √āp (to obtain) with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'pāram'.

प्राप्तुम् (prāptum) - to reach, to obtain

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of √āp (to obtain) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

इच्छति (icchati) - wishes, desires

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)