वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-90

स सागरजलं भित्त्वा बभूवात्युत्थितस्तदा ।
यथा जलधरं भित्त्वा दीप्तरश्मिर्दिवाकरः ॥९०॥

90. sa sāgarajalaṃ bhittvā babhūvātyutthitastadā ,
yathā jaladharaṃ bhittvā dīptaraśmirdivākaraḥ.

90. saḥ sāgarajalam bhittvā babhūva atyutthitaḥ tadā
yathā jaladharam bhittvā dīptaraśmiḥ divākaraḥ

90. saḥ sāgarajalam bhittvā tadā atyutthitaḥ babhūva
yathā dīptaraśmiḥ divākaraḥ jaladharam bhittvā

90. Having pierced the ocean waters, he (Maināka) then rose exceedingly high, just as the sun, with its blazing rays, breaks through a cloud.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Maināka) (he, that)

• सागरजलम् (sāgarajalam) - ocean water, sea water

• भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having split, having pierced, having broken through

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• अत्युत्थितः (atyutthitaḥ) - exceedingly high (greatly risen, exceedingly elevated, very much arisen)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

• जलधरम् (jaladharam) - cloud, water-bearer

• भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having split, having pierced, having broken through

• दीप्तरश्मिः (dīptaraśmiḥ) - with its blazing rays (having bright rays, having blazing rays)

• दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (sun, day-maker)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Maināka) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Maināka from the previous verse.

सागरजलम् (sāgarajalam) - ocean water, sea water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāgarajala

sāgarajala - ocean water, sea water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāgara+jala)

• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the absolutive 'bhittvā'.

भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having split, having pierced, having broken through

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'bhid' (to split) with suffix -tvā

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Used twice in the verse.

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

perfect tense

Perfect tense (irregular), third person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects subject 'saḥ' with state 'atyutthitaḥ'.

अत्युत्थितः (atyutthitaḥ) - exceedingly high (greatly risen, exceedingly elevated, very much arisen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atyutthita

atyutthita - greatly risen, exceedingly elevated, very much arisen

past passive participle

Compound formed from 'ati' (exceedingly) + 'ut' (up) + 'sthita' (stood/risen), which is a PPP of root 'sthā'

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (ati+ut+sthita)

• ati – over, beyond, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• ut – up, upwards, out
  indeclinable
• sthita – stood, situated, existing, risen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'sthā' (to stand) with suffix -ta
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (Maināka).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb from 'tad' (that)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison.

जलधरम् (jaladharam) - cloud, water-bearer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jaladhara

jaladhara - cloud, water-bearer, ocean

Compound of 'jala' (water) and 'dhara' (bearing/holding)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+dhara)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – bearing, holding, supporting
  adjective
  nominalizer
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold) + 'a' suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'bhittvā'.

भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having split, having pierced, having broken through

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'bhid' (to split) with suffix -tvā

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Used twice in the verse.

दीप्तरश्मिः (dīptaraśmiḥ) - with its blazing rays (having bright rays, having blazing rays)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīptaraśmi

dīptaraśmi - having bright rays, shining-rayed

Compound of 'dīpta' (shining/blazing) and 'raśmi' (ray)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīpta+raśmi)

• dīpta – shining, blazing, inflamed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dīp' (to shine, to blaze) with suffix -ta
  Root: dīp (class 4)
• raśmi – ray, beam of light, rope
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'divākaraḥ'.

दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (sun, day-maker)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun, day-maker

Compound of 'divā' (by day) and 'kara' (maker/doer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, daily
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, doer, hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'kṛ' (to do/make) + 'a' suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the comparative clause.