वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-172

स तां बुद्ध्वार्थतत्त्वेन सिंहिकां मतिमान् कपिः ।
व्यवर्धत महाकायः प्रावृषीव बलाहकः ॥१७२॥

172. sa tāṃ buddhvārthatattvena siṃhikāṃ matimān kapiḥ ,
vyavardhata mahākāyaḥ prāvṛṣīva balāhakaḥ.

172. saḥ tām buddhvā arthatatṭvena siṃhikām matimān
kapiḥ vi avardhata mahākāyaḥ prāvṛṣi iva balāhakaḥ

172. saḥ matimān kapiḥ tām siṃhikām arthatatṭvena
buddhvā vi avardhata mahākāyaḥ prāvṛṣi balāhakaḥ iva

172. That intelligent monkey (kapi), having truly recognized her as Singhika, grew to an immense size, just like a cloud in the rainy season.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Hanuman) (he, that)

• ताम् (tām) - her (Singhika) (her, that (feminine))

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having recognized (having known, having understood, having recognized)

• अर्थतत्ट्वेन (arthatatṭvena) - by the true nature (of the situation) (by the true nature of the matter, truly, correctly)

• सिंहिकाम् (siṁhikām) - Singhika (Singhika (name of a demoness))

• मतिमान् (matimān) - intelligent (intelligent, wise, thoughtful)

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - monkey (Hanuman) (monkey)

• वि (vi) - apart, away, indicating separation, intensity or reversal

• अवर्धत (avardhata) - grew (grew, increased)

• महाकायः (mahākāyaḥ) - of immense size (gigantic, having a large body)

• प्रावृषि (prāvṛṣi) - in the rainy season

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• बलाहकः (balāhakaḥ) - a cloud (cloud)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Hanuman) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ताम् (tām) - her (Singhika) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having recognized (having known, having understood, having recognized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root budh + tvā suffix

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form is indeclinable.

अर्थतत्ट्वेन (arthatatṭvena) - by the true nature (of the situation) (by the true nature of the matter, truly, correctly)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of arthatatṭva

arthatatṭva - true nature of the thing, actual fact, reality

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+tatṭva)

• artha – meaning, purpose, thing, object
  noun (masculine)
  From root ṛ (to go, to reach)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• tatṭva – reality, truth, true nature, essence
  noun (neuter)
  From 'tat' (that) and '-tva' suffix

Note: Refers to the manner in which he recognized her.

सिंहिकाम् (siṁhikām) - Singhika (Singhika (name of a demoness))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of siṃhikā

siṁhikā - Singhika (name of a demoness)

Note: Object of 'buddhvā'.

मतिमान् (matimān) - intelligent (intelligent, wise, thoughtful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matimat

matimat - intelligent, wise, thoughtful, possessing intellect

From 'mati' (intellect) with 'matup' suffix.

कपिः (kapiḥ) - monkey (Hanuman) (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

वि (vi) - apart, away, indicating separation, intensity or reversal

(indeclinable)

Preverb (upasarga)

अवर्धत (avardhata) - grew (grew, increased)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛdh

Root vṛdh with atmanepada endings for imperfect tense.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Combined with 'vi' to mean 'grew' (intensively).

महाकायः (mahākāyaḥ) - of immense size (gigantic, having a large body)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahākāya

mahākāya - gigantic, having a large body

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+kāya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• kāya – body
  noun (masculine)
  From root ci (to gather, heap up)
  Root: ci (class 5)

प्रावृषि (prāvṛṣi) - in the rainy season

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of prāvṛṣ

prāvṛṣ - rainy season, monsoon

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

बलाहकः (balāhakaḥ) - a cloud (cloud)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balāhaka

balāhaka - cloud, elephant