वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-31

तस्य लाङ्गूलमाविद्धमतिवेगस्य पृष्ठतः ।
ददृशे गरुडेनेव ह्रियमाणो महोरगः ॥३१॥

31. tasya lāṅgūlamāviddhamativegasya pṛṣṭhataḥ ,
dadṛśe garuḍeneva hriyamāṇo mahoragaḥ.

31. tasya lāṅgūlam āviddham ativegasya pṛṣṭhataḥ
dadṛśe garuḍena iva hriyamāṇaḥ mahoragaḥ

31. tasya ativegasya lāṅgūlam pṛṣṭhataḥ āviddham
garuḍena hriyamāṇaḥ mahoragaḥ iva dadṛśe

31. His rapidly swirling tail was seen behind him, appearing like a great serpent being carried away by Garuda.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Hanuman) (his, its, of that)

• लाङ्गूलम् (lāṅgūlam) - tail

• आविद्धम् (āviddham) - rapidly swirling (describing the tail) (shaken, whirled, agitated, brandished)

• अतिवेगस्य (ativegasya) - of its great speed (modifying the tail's action or Hanuman's swiftness) (of great speed, very rapid, of excessive force)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind, at the back

• ददृशे (dadṛśe) - was seen (was seen, appeared)

• गरुडेन (garuḍena) - by Garuda (mythical king of birds, vehicle of Vishnu)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• ह्रियमाणः (hriyamāṇaḥ) - being carried away (being carried, being taken away, being stolen)

• महोरगः (mahoragaḥ) - a great serpent, a large snake

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Hanuman) (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Referring to Hanuman

लाङ्गूलम् (lāṅgūlam) - tail

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lāṅgūla

lāṅgūla - tail

Note: Subject of the passive verb dadṛśe

आविद्धम् (āviddham) - rapidly swirling (describing the tail) (shaken, whirled, agitated, brandished)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āviddha

āviddha - shaken, whirled, agitated, pierced, thrown

Past Passive Participle

From root √vyadh (to pierce, to hit) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: vyadh (class 4)

अतिवेगस्य (ativegasya) - of its great speed (modifying the tail's action or Hanuman's swiftness) (of great speed, very rapid, of excessive force)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ativega

ativega - great speed, excessive force, very rapid

Tatpurusha compound: ati (excessive) + vega (speed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+vega)

• ati – over, beyond, excessive, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition
• vega – speed, velocity, impulse, force
  noun (masculine)
  From √vij (to move rapidly)
  Root: vij

Note: Functions adverbially describing the speed of the action, or modifying 'tasya'.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind, at the back

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from pṛṣṭha (back) with suffix -tas

ददृशे (dadṛśe) - was seen (was seen, appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Middle 3rd singular

Reduplicated perfect (liṭ) form of √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Passive sense ('was seen') derived from middle voice usage for perception verbs

गरुडेन (garuḍena) - by Garuda (mythical king of birds, vehicle of Vishnu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of garuḍa

garuḍa - Garuda, a mythical eagle-like bird, king of birds, vehicle of Vishnu

Note: Agent in passive construction

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

ह्रियमाणः (hriyamāṇaḥ) - being carried away (being carried, being taken away, being stolen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hriyamāṇa

hriyamāṇa - being carried, being taken away, being stolen

Present Passive Participle

From root √hṛ (to carry, take, steal) in passive voice, present tense, middle participle (-māna suffix)

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe mahoragaḥ

महोरगः (mahoragaḥ) - a great serpent, a large snake

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahoraga

mahoraga - a great serpent, a large snake

Karmadhāraya compound mahā + uraga

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+uraga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• uraga – serpent, snake (literally 'moving on the breast')
  noun (masculine)
  From uras (breast) + √ga (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the simile