वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-73

ऋषयस्तुष्टुवुश्चैनं प्लवमानं विहायसा ।
जगुश्च देवगन्धर्वाः प्रशंसन्तो महौजसं ॥७३॥

73. ṛṣayastuṣṭuvuścainaṃ plavamānaṃ vihāyasā ,
jaguśca devagandharvāḥ praśaṃsanto mahaujasaṃ.

73. ṛṣayaḥ tuṣṭuvuḥ ca enam plavamānam vihāyasā |
jaguḥ ca devagandharvāḥ praśaṃsantaḥ mahaujasam

73. ca ṛṣayaḥ vihāyasā plavamānam enam tuṣṭuvuḥ.
ca devagandharvāḥ mahaujasam praśaṃsantaḥ jaguḥ.

73. And the sages praised him, as he flew through the sky. And the gods and gandharvas sang, extolling him who possessed great vigor.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the venerable sages (sages, seers)

• तुष्टुवुः (tuṣṭuvuḥ) - they offered praise (they praised, they eulogized)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एनम् (enam) - him (Hanuman) (him, this one)

• प्लवमानम् (plavamānam) - soaring through the air (flying, swimming, leaping, floating)

• विहायसा (vihāyasā) - through the expanse of the sky (by the sky, through the sky, in the air)

• जगुः (jaguḥ) - they sang songs of praise (they sang)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• देवगन्धर्वाः (devagandharvāḥ) - the divine beings, including gods and celestial musicians (gods and gandharvas)

• प्रशंसन्तः (praśaṁsantaḥ) - actively praising and glorifying (praising, extolling)

• महौजसम् (mahaujasam) - the one possessing great strength and energy (Hanuman) (one of great might, great vigor)

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the venerable sages (sages, seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ

Note: Subject of 'tuṣṭuvuḥ'.

तुष्टुवुः (tuṣṭuvuḥ) - they offered praise (they praised, they eulogized)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of stu

Perfect Active

Root √stu (to praise), perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'ṛṣayaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (Hanuman) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, him, her, it

Closely related to 'idam'.

Note: Object of 'tuṣṭuvuḥ'.

प्लवमानम् (plavamānam) - soaring through the air (flying, swimming, leaping, floating)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of plavamāna

plavamāna - flying, swimming, leaping, floating

Present Active Participle

From root √plu (to float, swim, fly) + śānac (present active participle ending).

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'enam'.

विहायसा (vihāyasā) - through the expanse of the sky (by the sky, through the sky, in the air)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vihayas

vihayas - sky, atmosphere, air

From vi + √hā (to abandon) with as-suffix. Refers to sky/air.

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Indicates the path of flight.

जगुः (jaguḥ) - they sang songs of praise (they sang)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of gai

Perfect Active

Root √gai (to sing), perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Root: gai (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

देवगन्धर्वाः (devagandharvāḥ) - the divine beings, including gods and celestial musicians (gods and gandharvas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devagandharva

devagandharva - gods and gandharvas

Dvandva compound of 'deva' (god) and 'gandharva' (celestial musician).

Compound type : dvandva (deva+gandharva)

• deva – god, divine being
  noun (masculine)
• gandharva – celestial musician, a class of demigods
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'jaguḥ'.

प्रशंसन्तः (praśaṁsantaḥ) - actively praising and glorifying (praising, extolling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of praśaṃsat

praśaṁsat - praising, extolling

Present Active Participle

From pra + √śaṃs (to praise) + śatṛ.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of the gods and gandharvas.

महौजसम् (mahaujasam) - the one possessing great strength and energy (Hanuman) (one of great might, great vigor)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahaujas

mahaujas - of great power, strong, mighty

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'ojas' (strength, vigor).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ojas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahat, used as first part of compound 'mahā-'.
• ojas – strength, vigor, energy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies the implied object of 'praśaṃsantaḥ' and 'jaguḥ' (i.e., Hanuman).