वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-69

दशयोजनविस्तीर्णा त्रिंशद्योजनमायता ।
छाया वानरसिंहस्य जले चारुतराभवत् ॥६९॥

69. daśayojanavistīrṇā triṃśadyojanamāyatā ,
chāyā vānarasiṃhasya jale cārutarābhavat.

69. daśayojanavistīrṇā triṃśat yojanam āyatā
chāyā vānarasiṃhasya jale cārutara abhavat

69. vānarasiṃhasya chāyā daśayojanavistīrṇā
triṃśat yojanam āyatā jale cārutara abhavat

69. The shadow of the lion-like monkey (vānarasiṃha), extending ten yojanas in width and thirty yojanas in length, appeared exceptionally beautiful in the water.

Words meanings summery:

• दशयोजनविस्तीर्णा (daśayojanavistīrṇā) - ten yojanas wide/broad

• त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty

• योजनम् (yojanam) - yojana (a measure of distance)

• आयता (āyatā) - long, extended

• छाया (chāyā) - shadow (on the water) (shadow, shade, reflection)

• वानरसिंहस्य (vānarasiṁhasya) - of Hanuman, who is a lion among monkeys. (of the lion-like monkey, of the eminent monkey)

• जले (jale) - in the water

• चारुतर (cārutara) - exceptionally beautiful (more beautiful, very beautiful (comparative used superlatively))

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it was

Words meanings and morphology

दशयोजनविस्तीर्णा (daśayojanavistīrṇā) - ten yojanas wide/broad

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of daśayojanavistīrṇa

daśayojanavistīrṇa - extending ten yojanas, ten yojanas wide

Compound of daśa (ten), yojana (measure of distance), and vistīrṇa (extended, wide).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (daśa+yojana+vistīrṇa)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• yojana – yojana (a measure of distance, approx. 8-16 km)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• vistīrṇa – extended, spread out, wide, broad
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root stṛ (to spread) with upasarga vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies yojanam.

योजनम् (yojanam) - yojana (a measure of distance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yojana

yojana - yojana (a measure of distance, approx. 8-16 km), union, harness

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Here used adverbially or as a measure for 'āyatā'.

आयता (āyatā) - long, extended

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āyata

āyata - long, extended, stretched, controlled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yam (to restrain, extend) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies chāyā.

छाया (chāyā) - shadow (on the water) (shadow, shade, reflection)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of chāyā

chāyā - shadow, shade, reflection, image

वानरसिंहस्य (vānarasiṁhasya) - of Hanuman, who is a lion among monkeys. (of the lion-like monkey, of the eminent monkey)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vānarasiṃha

vānarasiṁha - lion among monkeys, best of monkeys (epithet for Hanuman)

Compound of vānara (monkey) and siṃha (lion).

Compound type : saptamī tatpuruṣa (vānara+siṃha)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion, best of (in compounds)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hiṃs (class 10)

Note: Possessive, describing chāyā.

जले (jale) - in the water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

Root: jal (class 1)

Note: Location.

चारुतर (cārutara) - exceptionally beautiful (more beautiful, very beautiful (comparative used superlatively))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cārutara

cārutara - more beautiful, more charming, very beautiful

comparative suffix tara

Derived from cāru (beautiful) with comparative suffix -tara.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for chāyā.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is chāyā.