वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-108

पूर्वं कृतयुगे तात पर्वताः पक्षिणो ऽभवन् ।
ते ऽपि जग्मुर्दिशः सर्वा गरुडानिलवेगिनः ॥१०८॥

108. pūrvaṃ kṛtayuge tāta parvatāḥ pakṣiṇo'bhavan ,
te'pi jagmurdiśaḥ sarvā garuḍānilaveginaḥ.

108. pūrvam kṛtayuge tāta parvatāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ abhavan
te api jagmuḥ diśaḥ sarvāḥ garuḍaanilaveginah

108. tāta pūrvam kṛtayuge parvatāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ abhavan
te api garuḍaanilaveginah sarvāḥ diśaḥ jagmuḥ

108. In ancient times, O dear one, during the Kṛta age, mountains were winged like birds. They traveled in all directions, moving with the swiftness of Garuḍa and the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - in ancient times (formerly, previously, before)

• कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - during the Kṛta age (in the Kṛta age (Golden Age))

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (dear, father, son, friend (term of endearment))

• पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - mountains

• पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - winged (like) birds (birds, winged ones)

• अभवन् (abhavan) - (they) became (they were, they became)

• ते (te) - they (the mountains) (they)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even)

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they traveled (they went)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - all directions (directions)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, every)

• गरुडअनिलवेगिनह् (garuḍaanilaveginah) - moving with the swiftness of Garuḍa and the wind (swift as Garuḍa and the wind)

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - in ancient times (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially.

Note: Adverb of time.

कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - during the Kṛta age (in the Kṛta age (Golden Age))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛtayuga

kṛtayuga - the Kṛta age, the golden age

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+yuga)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, golden (as in Kṛtayuga)
  participle (adjective) (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• yuga – age, epoch, yoke
  noun (masculine/neuter)

Note: Refers to a specific mythical age.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (dear, father, son, friend (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment, used for addressing various relations including juniors or superiors)

Note: An affectionate term of address.

पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - mountains

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

Note: Subject of 'abhavan'.

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - winged (like) birds (birds, winged ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

From 'pakṣa' (wing) + -in suffix.

Note: Predicate nominative with 'abhavan'.

अभवन् (abhavan) - (they) became (they were, they became)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active 3rd plural

Root √bhū, 1st class.

Root: bhū (class 1)

ते (te) - they (the mountains) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Nominative plural masculine.

Note: Refers to the mountains, subject of 'jagmuḥ'.

अपि (api) - also (also, even)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they traveled (they went)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect active 3rd plural

Reduplicated perfect of √gam, 1st class.

Root: gam (class 1)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - all directions (directions)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root noun.

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'jagmuḥ'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Feminine nominative/accusative plural.

Note: Agrees with 'diśaḥ'.

गरुडअनिलवेगिनह् (garuḍaanilaveginah) - moving with the swiftness of Garuḍa and the wind (swift as Garuḍa and the wind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of garuḍaanilavegin

garuḍaanilavegin - having the speed of Garuḍa and the wind

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (garuḍa+anila+vegin)

• garuḍa – Garuḍa (mythical bird, vehicle of Viṣṇu)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anila – wind, air, wind-god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• vegin – swift, quick, having speed
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'vega' (speed) + -in suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'te' (mountains).