वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-74

नागाश्च तुष्टुवुर्यक्षा रक्षांसि विबुधाः खगाः ।
प्रेक्ष्याकाशे कपिवरं सहसा विगतक्लमम् ॥७४॥

74. nāgāśca tuṣṭuvuryakṣā rakṣāṃsi vibudhāḥ khagāḥ ,
prekṣyākāśe kapivaraṃ sahasā vigataklamam.

74. nāgāḥ ca tuṣṭuvuḥ yakṣāḥ rakṣāṃsi vibudhāḥ khagāḥ
| prekṣya ākāśe kapivaram sahasā vigataklamam

74. ākāśe sahasā विगतक्लमं kapivaram prekṣya nāgāḥ yakṣāḥ rakṣāṃsi vibudhāḥ khagāḥ ca tuṣṭuvuḥ.

74. And the nāgas, yakṣas, rakṣasas, gods, and birds praised the excellent monkey (kapivara), seeing him in the sky, suddenly freed from fatigue.

Words meanings summery:

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - the divine serpent beings (nāgas) (serpents, serpent deities)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तुष्टुवुः (tuṣṭuvuḥ) - they offered praise (they praised, they eulogized)

• यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - the celestial attendants known as yakṣas (yakṣas, a class of demigods or nature spirits)

• रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - the rakṣasas (demons) (demons, evil spirits)

• विबुधाः (vibudhāḥ) - the enlightened gods (gods, intelligent beings)

• खगाः (khagāḥ) - birds (who fly in the sky) (birds, sky-goers)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - upon seeing (having seen, looking at)

• आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the broad expanse of the sky (in the sky, in space)

• कपिवरम् (kapivaram) - the best among monkeys (Hanuman) (excellent monkey, chief of monkeys)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, all at once (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

• विगतक्लमम् (vigataklamam) - having been relieved of all exhaustion (free from fatigue, whose weariness is gone)

Words meanings and morphology

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - the divine serpent beings (nāgas) (serpents, serpent deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, a class of mythical beings

From √nag (to move, go).

Root: nag (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with the list of praisers.

तुष्टुवुः (tuṣṭuvuḥ) - they offered praise (they praised, they eulogized)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of stu

Perfect Active

Root √stu (to praise), perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Root: stu (class 2)

यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - the celestial attendants known as yakṣas (yakṣas, a class of demigods or nature spirits)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yakṣa

yakṣa - a class of semi-divine beings, usually benevolent

From √yakṣ (to worship, to honour).

Root: yakṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to a specific class of divine beings.

रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - the rakṣasas (demons) (demons, evil spirits)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, monster

From √rakṣ (to protect, but also means to seize, harass for these beings).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the class of demonic beings.

विबुधाः (vibudhāḥ) - the enlightened gods (gods, intelligent beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vibudha

vibudha - god, intelligent, wise

From vi + √budh (to awaken, know). One who is awakened or wise.

Prefix: vi

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: An epithet for gods.

खगाः (khagāḥ) - birds (who fly in the sky) (birds, sky-goers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khaga

khaga - bird, sky-goer, god

Compound of 'kha' (sky, space) + 'ga' (goer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+ga)

• kha – sky, space, ether, zero
  noun (neuter)
• ga – goer, moving
  noun (masculine)
  From √gam.
  Root: gam (class 1)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - upon seeing (having seen, looking at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From pra + √īkṣ (to see) + lyp (absolutive with prefix).

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the condition for their praise.

आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the broad expanse of the sky (in the sky, in space)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether

From ā + √kāś (to shine, appear).

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

कपिवरम् (kapivaram) - the best among monkeys (Hanuman) (excellent monkey, chief of monkeys)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kapivara

kapivara - excellent monkey, chief monkey

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'kapi' (monkey) + 'vara' (excellent, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kapi+vara)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• vara – excellent, best, boon
  adjective (masculine)
  From √vṛ (to choose).
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, all at once (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental of 'sahas' used adverbially.

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vigataklamam'.

विगतक्लमम् (vigataklamam) - having been relieved of all exhaustion (free from fatigue, whose weariness is gone)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vigataklama

vigataklama - free from fatigue, whose weariness is gone

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'vigata' (gone, departed) + 'klama' (fatigue, weariness).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vigata+klama)

• vigata – gone, departed, ceased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi + √gam + kta.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• klama – fatigue, weariness, exhaustion
  noun (masculine)
  From √klam (to be weary).
  Root: klam (class 1)

Note: Describes Hanuman's state.