वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-18

तास्तदा सविषैर्दष्टाः कुपितैस्तैर्महाशिलाः ।
जज्वलुः पावकोद्दीप्ता विभिदुश्च सहस्रधा ॥१८॥

18. tāstadā saviṣairdaṣṭāḥ kupitaistairmahāśilāḥ ,
jajvaluḥ pāvakoddīptā vibhiduśca sahasradhā.

18. tāḥ tadā saviṣaiḥ daṣṭāḥ kupitaiḥ taiḥ mahāśilāḥ
jajvaluḥ pāvakoddīptāḥ vibhiduḥ ca sahasradhā

18. Then, those huge rocks, bitten by the enraged and venomous (serpents), blazed, ignited by fire, and split into a thousand pieces.

Words meanings summery:

• ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सविषैः (saviṣaiḥ) - by the venomous serpents (by the venomous ones, by the poisonous ones)

• दष्टाः (daṣṭāḥ) - bitten, stung

• कुपितैः (kupitaiḥ) - by the enraged serpents (by the angry ones, by the enraged ones)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those serpents (by them)

• महाशिलाः (mahāśilāḥ) - huge rocks, great stones

• जज्वलुः (jajvaluḥ) - they blazed, they glowed

• पावकोद्दीप्ताः (pāvakoddīptāḥ) - ignited by fire, blazing with fire

• विभिदुः (vibhiduḥ) - they broke apart, they split

• च (ca) - and, also

• सहस्रधा (sahasradhā) - into a thousand parts, in a thousand ways

Words meanings and morphology

ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, it, she

Note: Refers to 'mahāśilāḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

सविषैः (saviṣaiḥ) - by the venomous serpents (by the venomous ones, by the poisonous ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saviṣa

saviṣa - venomous, poisonous, with poison

Compound of 'sa' (with) and 'viṣa' (poison)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+viṣa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'with'
• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'taiḥ' and 'kupitaiḥ'.

दष्टाः (daṣṭāḥ) - bitten, stung

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of daṣṭa

daṣṭa - bitten, stung

Past Passive Participle

From root 'daṃś' (to bite) with suffix 'kta'

Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mahāśilāḥ'.

कुपितैः (kupitaiḥ) - by the enraged serpents (by the angry ones, by the enraged ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kupita

kupita - angry, enraged, provoked

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kup' (to be angry) with suffix 'kta'

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'taiḥ' and 'saviṣaiḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those serpents (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, it, he

Note: Refers to the serpents.

महाशिलाः (mahāśilāḥ) - huge rocks, great stones

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mahāśilā

mahāśilā - huge rock, great stone

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'śilā' (rock)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+śilā)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• śilā – rock, stone, boulder
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject.

जज्वलुः (jajvaluḥ) - they blazed, they glowed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of jval

Perfect tense form of root 'jval' (to burn), reduplicated

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

पावकोद्दीप्ताः (pāvakoddīptāḥ) - ignited by fire, blazing with fire

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pāvakoddīpta

pāvakoddīpta - inflamed by fire, blazing with fire

Compound of 'pāvaka' (fire) and 'uddīpta' (inflamed, blazing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāvaka+uddīpta)

• pāvaka – fire, purifying, purified
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pū (class 1)
• uddīpta – inflamed, blazing, burning brightly
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dīp' (to shine, burn) with prefix 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mahāśilāḥ'.

विभिदुः (vibhiduḥ) - they broke apart, they split

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vibhid

Perfect tense form of root 'bhid' (to break) with prefix 'vi', reduplicated

Prefix: vi

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Co-verb with 'jajvaluḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सहस्रधा (sahasradhā) - into a thousand parts, in a thousand ways

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix '-dhā' (meaning 'in ... ways' or '...-fold')

Note: Adverb of manner.