वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-94

तमुत्थितमसंगेन हनूमानग्रतः स्थितम् ।
मध्ये लवणतोयस्य विघ्नो ऽयमिति निश्चितः ॥९४॥

94. tamutthitamasaṃgena hanūmānagrataḥ sthitam ,
madhye lavaṇatoyasya vighno'yamiti niścitaḥ.

94. tam utthitam asaṅgena hanūmān agrataḥ sthitam
madhye lavaṇatoyasya vighnaḥ ayam iti niścitaḥ

94. hanūmān lavaṇatoyasya madhye agrataḥ asaṅgena
utthitam sthitam tam ayam vighnaḥ iti niścitaḥ

94. Hanuman perceived that (mountain) which had risen unimpeded and stood before him in the midst of the salty ocean, and he concluded, 'This is an obstacle.'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (mountain) (that, him)

• उत्थितम् (utthitam) - risen, emerged

• असङ्गेन (asaṅgena) - unimpeded (describing how the mountain rose) (without attachment, unimpeded, without contact)

• हनूमान् (hanūmān) - Hanuman (a prominent monkey-general in the Rāmāyaṇa)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (of Hanuman) (in front, before, ahead)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, placed

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of (the ocean) (in the middle of)

• लवणतोयस्य (lavaṇatoyasya) - of the salty ocean (of the salty water, of the ocean)

• विघ्नः (vighnaḥ) - obstacle, impediment

• अयम् (ayam) - this (mountain) (this, this one)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, indicates a quote

• निश्चितः (niścitaḥ) - (Hanuman) concluded (determined, decided, concluded)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (mountain) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Object of implied verb 'saw' or described by the participles.

उत्थितम् (utthitam) - risen, emerged

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - risen, elevated, sprung up

Past Passive Participle

From ud-sthā (to rise up, stand forth)

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjective for tam.

असङ्गेन (asaṅgena) - unimpeded (describing how the mountain rose) (without attachment, unimpeded, without contact)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of asaṅga

asaṅga - unattached, unhindered, unimpeded, non-attachment

a- (negation) + saṅga (attachment, contact, hindrance)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṅga)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix (indeclinable)
  Negation prefix
• saṅga – attachment, contact, union, hindrance
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-añj/sañj (to cling, join)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Implies 'by lack of hindrance' or 'without any obstruction'.

हनूमान् (hanūmān) - Hanuman (a prominent monkey-general in the Rāmāyaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hanūmat

hanūmat - Hanuman (the monkey deity)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (of Hanuman) (in front, before, ahead)

(indeclinable)

From agra (front) + tasi suffix

Note: Modifies sthitam.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, placed

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, remaining, placed

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) + kta suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjective for tam.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of (the ocean) (in the middle of)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, midst

Note: Governs the genitive case (lavaṇatoyasya).

लवणतोयस्य (lavaṇatoyasya) - of the salty ocean (of the salty water, of the ocean)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of lavaṇatoya

lavaṇatoya - salty water, ocean

lavaṇa (salty) + toya (water)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (lavaṇa+toya)

• lavaṇa – salt, salty
  noun/adjective (neuter)
• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
  From root tu (to grow, swell)
  Root: tu (class 1)

Note: Governed by madhye.

विघ्नः (vighnaḥ) - obstacle, impediment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vighna

vighna - obstacle, impediment, hindrance

From vi-han (to strike, destroy) + ghna (suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for ayam.

अयम् (ayam) - this (mountain) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Subject of the inner quote.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, indicates a quote

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a quotation.

निश्चितः (niścitaḥ) - (Hanuman) concluded (determined, decided, concluded)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścita

niścita - determined, decided, ascertained, concluded

Past Passive Participle

From niś-ci (to ascertain, determine) + kta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Modifies hanūmān.