वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-57

लाङ्गलं च समाविद्धं प्लवमानस्य शोभते ।
अम्बरे वायुपुत्रस्य शक्रध्वज इवोच्छ्रितः ॥५७॥

57. lāṅgalaṃ ca samāviddhaṃ plavamānasya śobhate ,
ambare vāyuputrasya śakradhvaja ivocchritaḥ.

57. lāṅgalam ca samāviddham plavamānasya śobhate
ambare vāyuputrasya śakradhvajaḥ iva ucchritaḥ

57. lāṅgalam ca samāviddham plavamānasya śobhate
ambare vāyuputrasya śakradhvajaḥ iva ucchritaḥ

57. And his (Hanumān's) tail, swung vigorously as he leaps, shines beautifully. In the sky, it appears like Indra's banner, raised high.

Words meanings summery:

• लाङ्गलम् (lāṅgalam) - tail, plough

• च (ca) - and, also

• समाविद्धम् (samāviddham) - swung vigorously (swung, brandished, hurled, coiled)

• प्लवमानस्य (plavamānasya) - of him who is leaping (Hanumān) (of him who is floating/leaping)

• शोभते (śobhate) - shines, appears beautiful

• अम्बरे (ambare) - in the sky

• वायुपुत्रस्य (vāyuputrasya) - of the son of Vāyu (Hanumān) (of the son of Vāyu)

• शक्रध्वजः (śakradhvajaḥ) - Indra's banner

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उच्छ्रितः (ucchritaḥ) - raised high, uplifted, elevated

Words meanings and morphology

लाङ्गलम् (lāṅgalam) - tail, plough

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lāṅgala

lāṅgala - tail, plough, penis

Note: Subject of the verb 'śobhate'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

समाविद्धम् (samāviddham) - swung vigorously (swung, brandished, hurled, coiled)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samāviddha

samāviddha - swung, brandished, hurled, coiled, thrown

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyadh (to pierce, strike) with prefixes sam and ā. Here implying motion/swinging.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'lāṅgalam'.

प्लवमानस्य (plavamānasya) - of him who is leaping (Hanumān) (of him who is floating/leaping)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of plavamāna

plavamāna - floating, swimming, leaping, hovering

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root plu (to float, swim).

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vāyuputrasya'.

शोभते (śobhate) - shines, appears beautiful

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śubh

Present tense, middle voice. Root from Dhatupatha.

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Main verb for the tail.

अम्बरे (ambare) - in the sky

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ambara

ambara - sky, atmosphere, clothing

Note: Location.

वायुपुत्रस्य (vāyuputrasya) - of the son of Vāyu (Hanumān) (of the son of Vāyu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāyuputra

vāyuputra - son of Vāyu (wind god), Hanumān

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāyu+putra)

• vāyu – wind, wind god
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, refers to Hanumān.

शक्रध्वजः (śakradhvajaḥ) - Indra's banner

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakradhvaja

śakradhvaja - Indra's banner, pole of Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (śakra+dhvaja)

• śakra – Indra (name of a deity), powerful
  proper noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

उच्छ्रितः (ucchritaḥ) - raised high, uplifted, elevated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ucchrita

ucchrita - raised, uplifted, high, elevated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śri (to lean on, to resort to, to spread) with prefix ud (upwards).

Prefix: ud

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śakradhvajaḥ'.