वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-121

भूयश्चोर्ध्वगतिं प्राप्य गिरिं तमवलोकयन् ।
वायुसूनुर्निरालम्बे जगाम विमले ऽम्बरे ॥१२१॥

121. bhūyaścordhvagatiṃ prāpya giriṃ tamavalokayan ,
vāyusūnurnirālambe jagāma vimale'mbare.

121. bhūyaḥ ca ūrdhva-gatim prāpya girim tam avalokayan
vāyu-sūnuḥ nirālambe jagāma vimale ambare

121. ca bhūyaḥ ūrdhva-gatim prāpya vāyu-sūnuḥ tam
girim avalokayan nirālambe vimale ambare jagāma

121. And again attaining upward motion, the son of the wind (vāyusūnu) went in the spotless sky, looking back at that mountain, unsupported.

Words meanings summery:

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• च (ca) - and

• ऊर्ध्व-गतिम् (ūrdhva-gatim) - upward movement, upward course

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

• गिरिम् (girim) - That particular mountain (Mount Maināka) (mountain)

• तम् (tam) - that mountain (Maināka) (that)

• अवलोकयन् (avalokayan) - looking at, observing, seeing

• वायु-सूनुः (vāyu-sūnuḥ) - Hanumān (son of wind)

• निरालम्बे (nirālambe) - in the unsupported expanse (of the sky) (in the unsupported, in the baseless (sky))

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he traveled

• विमले (vimale) - in the spotless, in the pure

• अम्बरे (ambare) - in the sky, in the atmosphere

Words meanings and morphology

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

ऊर्ध्व-गतिम् (ūrdhva-gatim) - upward movement, upward course

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ūrdhva-gati

ūrdhva-gati - upward movement, ascending course

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ūrdhva+gati)

• ūrdhva – up, upwards, elevated, high
  adjective
• gati – movement, course, going
  noun (feminine)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From 'pra' (prefix) + root 'āp' (to obtain) + suffix '-ya' (for absolutive with prefix)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Describes an action completed before the main verb.

गिरिम् (girim) - That particular mountain (Mount Maināka) (mountain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Note: Object of 'avalokayan'.

तम् (tam) - that mountain (Maināka) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'girim'.

अवलोकयन् (avalokayan) - looking at, observing, seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avalokayat

avalokayat - looking at, observing, seeing

Present Active Participle

From 'ava' (prefix) + root 'lok' (to see) + suffix '-śatṛ' (for present participle)

Prefix: ava

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'vāyu-sūnuḥ', describing simultaneous action.

वायु-सूनुः (vāyu-sūnuḥ) - Hanumān (son of wind)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu-sūnu

vāyu-sūnu - son of Vayu (the wind god)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāyu+sūnu)

• vāyu – wind, god of wind
  noun (masculine)
• sūnu – son
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

निरालम्बे (nirālambe) - in the unsupported expanse (of the sky) (in the unsupported, in the baseless (sky))

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nirālamba

nirālamba - unsupported, baseless, without reliance

Prefix: nir

Root: lamb (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ambare'.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he traveled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of gam

perfect tense

Root 'gam' (to go), 3rd person singular perfect active

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

विमले (vimale) - in the spotless, in the pure

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vimala

vimala - spotless, pure, clean, stainless

Prefix: vi

Root: mal

Note: Qualifies 'ambare'.

अम्बरे (ambare) - in the sky, in the atmosphere

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ambara

ambara - sky, atmosphere, garment

Note: Location of travel.