मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-99
नाविस्पष्टमधीयीत न शूद्रजनसन्निधौ ।
न निशान्ते परिश्रान्तो ब्रह्माधीत्य पुनः स्वपेत ॥९९॥
न निशान्ते परिश्रान्तो ब्रह्माधीत्य पुनः स्वपेत ॥९९॥
99. nāvispaṣṭamadhīyīta na śūdrajanasannidhau ,
na niśānte pariśrānto brahmādhītya punaḥ svapet.
na niśānte pariśrānto brahmādhītya punaḥ svapet.
99.
na aviṣpaṣṭam adhīyīta na śūdrajanasannidhau na
niśānte pariśrāntaḥ brahmādhītya punaḥ svapet
niśānte pariśrāntaḥ brahmādhītya punaḥ svapet
99.
na aviṣpaṣṭam adhīyīta na śūdrajanasannidhau na
pariśrāntaḥ niśānte brahmādhītya punaḥ na svapet
pariśrāntaḥ niśānte brahmādhītya punaḥ na svapet
99.
One should not study indistinctly, nor in the presence of a śūdra (a person of the lowest social order), nor at the end of the night when exhausted; after studying the Veda (brahman), one should not sleep again.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not
- अविष्पष्टम् (aviṣpaṣṭam) - indistinctly (indistinctly, unclearly)
- अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - should study (should study, should learn)
- न (na) - not
- शूद्रजनसन्निधौ (śūdrajanasannidhau) - in the presence of a śūdra (a person of the lowest social order) (in the vicinity of śūdra-people)
- न (na) - not
- निशान्ते (niśānte) - at the end of the night
- परिश्रान्तः (pariśrāntaḥ) - exhausted (exhausted, very tired)
- ब्रह्माधीत्य (brahmādhītya) - after studying the Veda (brahman) (having studied the Veda)
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further)
- स्वपेत् (svapet) - should sleep
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
अविष्पष्टम् (aviṣpaṣṭam) - indistinctly (indistinctly, unclearly)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of aviṣpaṣṭam
aviṣpaṣṭam - indistinct, unclear, not manifest
Compound of `a-` (negation) + `viṣpaṣṭa` (clear, distinct). `viṣpaṣṭa` is derived from the root `spaṣ` (to be clear).
Note: Adverbial use.
अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - should study (should study, should learn)
(verb)
3rd person , middle, optative (liṅ) of adhīyīta
Atmanepada Pres. Optative, 3rd Person Singular
Root `iñ` (to go) + prefix `adhi` (over, upon, in addition). Optative mood used for injunctions or prohibitions.
Prefix: adhi
Root: iñ (class 2)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
शूद्रजनसन्निधौ (śūdrajanasannidhau) - in the presence of a śūdra (a person of the lowest social order) (in the vicinity of śūdra-people)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of śūdrajanasannidhau
śūdrajanasannidhau - in the proximity of śūdra people
Compound of `śūdra` (lowest varna) + `jana` (person, people) + `sannidhau` (in proximity, in presence).
Compound type : tatpurusha (śūdra+jana+sannidhi)
- śūdra – a member of the fourth varna, a laborer, a servant
noun (masculine) - jana – person, people, man, crowd
noun (masculine)
Root: jan (class 4) - sannidhi – presence, vicinity, proximity, nearness
noun (masculine)
Prefix `sam` + root `niṣa` (to sit).
Prefix: sam
Root: niṣa (class 1)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
निशान्ते (niśānte) - at the end of the night
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of niśānte
niśānte - at the end of the night
Compound of `niśā` (night) + `anta` (end). Locative singular.
Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+anta)
- niśā – night
noun (feminine) - anta – end, limit, death
noun (masculine)
Root: an (class 1)
परिश्रान्तः (pariśrāntaḥ) - exhausted (exhausted, very tired)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pariśrāntaḥ
pariśrāntaḥ - exhausted, weary, fatigued
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root `śram` (to toil, to exert) + prefix `pari` (around, thoroughly).
Prefix: pari
Root: śram (class 6)
ब्रह्माधीत्य (brahmādhītya) - after studying the Veda (brahman) (having studied the Veda)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Compound of `brahman` (Veda, sacred knowledge) + `adhītya` (having studied, from `adhī` + `iñ`).
Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+adhītya)
- brahman – sacred knowledge, Veda, divine essence, ultimate reality
noun (neuter) - adhītya – having studied, having learned
indeclinable
Absolutive (Gerund)
Derived from root `iñ` (to go) with prefix `adhi` (over, upon) and suffix `ktvā` (forming absolutive).
Prefix: adhi
Root: iñ (class 2)
पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further)
(indeclinable)
स्वपेत् (svapet) - should sleep
(verb)
3rd person , middle, optative (liṅ) of svapet
Atmanepada Pres. Optative, 3rd Person Singular
Root `svap` (to sleep). Optative mood used for injunctions or prohibitions.
Root: svap (class 2)