मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-33
राजतो धनमन्विच्छेत संसीदन स्नातकः क्षुधा ।
याज्यान्तेवासिनोर्वाऽपि न त्वन्यत इति स्थितिः ॥३३॥
याज्यान्तेवासिनोर्वाऽपि न त्वन्यत इति स्थितिः ॥३३॥
33. rājato dhanamanvicchet saṁsīdan snātakaḥ kṣudhā ,
yājyāntevāsinorvā'pi na tvanyata iti sthitiḥ.
yājyāntevāsinorvā'pi na tvanyata iti sthitiḥ.
33.
rājataḥ dhanam anviccheta saṃsīdano snātakaḥ kṣudhā
yājyān tevāsinoḥ vā api na tu anyataḥ iti sthitiḥ
yājyān tevāsinoḥ vā api na tu anyataḥ iti sthitiḥ
33.
A student who is starving should seek wealth from the king, or from those qualified to be ritually served (yajya), or from his own disciples, but not from others. This is the established rule.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- राजतः (rājataḥ) - from the king
- धनम् (dhanam) - wealth (wealth, riches)
- अन्विच्छेत (anviccheta) - should seek (should seek, should search for)
- संसीदनो (saṁsīdano) - suffering from hunger (suffering from hunger, distressed by hunger)
- स्नातकः (snātakaḥ) - a student (a student who has completed his studies and undergone ceremonial bathing)
- क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - from hunger (by hunger, from hunger)
- याज्यान् (yājyān) - those qualified to be ritually served (those worthy of being offered sacrifices to)
- तेवासिनोः (tevāsinoḥ) - from his disciples
- वा (vā) - or
- अपि (api) - also (also, even, and)
- न (na) - not
- तु (tu) - but (but, however)
- अन्यतः (anyataḥ) - from others (from another, from elsewhere)
- इति (iti) - thus (thus, so)
- स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - rule (state, situation, condition, rule, established practice)
Words meanings and morphology
राजतः (rājataḥ) - from the king
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
धनम् (dhanam) - wealth (wealth, riches)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana
dhana - wealth, riches, property, money, treasure
from the root √dha (to place, to hold) or √dhā (to give).
अन्विच्छेत (anviccheta) - should seek (should seek, should search for)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of anvicch
Root verb
from prefix anu (after, along) + root √iṣ (to seek, to desire). Class 6.
Prefix: anu
Root: iṣ (class 6)
संसीदनो (saṁsīdano) - suffering from hunger (suffering from hunger, distressed by hunger)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsīdana
saṁsīdana - distress, suffering, languishing, poverty, hunger
Nominal derivation
from the root √sad (to sit, to sink, to decline) + sam (prefix indicating intensity or together) + -ana suffix. Here it refers to the state of suffering, particularly from hunger.
Prefix: sam
Root: sad (class 2)
Note: Used here to describe the condition of the snataka.
स्नातकः (snātakaḥ) - a student (a student who has completed his studies and undergone ceremonial bathing)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of snātaka
snātaka - a student who has completed his studies and undergone ceremonial bathing; an educated person
Secondary derivation
derived from snāta (one who has bathed), referring to the completion of Brahmacarya (celibate student life) and the subsequent ceremonial bath.
Root: snā (class 4)
क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - from hunger (by hunger, from hunger)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudh
kṣudh - hunger, starvation
याज्यान् (yājyān) - those qualified to be ritually served (those worthy of being offered sacrifices to)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of yājya
yājya - worthy of being sacrificed to, eligible for performing sacrifices, a priest officiating in a sacrifice
Gerundive
from the root √yaj (to sacrifice, to worship) + ya suffix. It is that which is to be worshipped or for whom sacrifice is to be performed.
Root: yaj (class 1)
तेवासिनोः (tevāsinoḥ) - from his disciples
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of antevāsin
antevāsin - disciple, pupil, one who lives with the preceptor
compound of antaḥ (within) + vāsin (living, dwelling). Refers to a student living in the preceptor's house.
Compound type : tatpurusha (antaḥ+vāsin)
- antaḥ – inside, within
indeclinable - vāsin – living, dwelling
adjective (masculine)
Present Participle
from the root √vas (to dwell, to live).
Root: vas (class 2)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - also (also, even, and)
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
तु (tu) - but (but, however)
(indeclinable)
अन्यतः (anyataḥ) - from others (from another, from elsewhere)
(indeclinable)
derived from anya (other) with the suffix -tas.
इति (iti) - thus (thus, so)
(indeclinable)
स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - rule (state, situation, condition, rule, established practice)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sthiti
sthiti - state, situation, condition, position, standing, established practice, rule
Nominal derivation
from the root √sthā (to stand, to stay) + i suffix.
Root: sthā (class 1)