मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-49
तिरस्कृत्योच्चरेत काष्ठलोष्ठपत्रतृणादिना ।
नियम्य प्रयतो वाचं संवीताङ्गोऽवगुण्ठितः ॥४९॥
नियम्य प्रयतो वाचं संवीताङ्गोऽवगुण्ठितः ॥४९॥
49. tiraskṛtyoccaret kāṣṭhaloṣṭhapatratṛṇādinā ,
niyamya prayato vācaṁ saṁvītāṅgo'vaguṇṭhitaḥ.
niyamya prayato vācaṁ saṁvītāṅgo'vaguṇṭhitaḥ.
49.
tiraskṛtyoccareta kāṣṭhaloṣṭapatratṛṇādinā
niyamya prayato vācaṃ saṃvītāṅgo‘vaguṇṭhitaḥ
niyamya prayato vācaṃ saṃvītāṅgo‘vaguṇṭhitaḥ
49.
Having covered it (the area), one should expel it, using wood, clods, leaves, or grass, controlling one's speech with effort, with covered limbs and face.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तिरस्कृत्य (tiraskṛtya) - Having covered it (having covered, having turned aside)
- उच्चरेत् (uccaret) - should expel (should expel, should throw out)
- काष्ठलोष्टपत्रतृणादिना (kāṣṭhaloṣṭapatratṛṇādinā) - using wood, clods, leaves, or grass (by wood, clods, leaves, grass, etc.)
- नियम्य (niyamya) - controlling (having controlled, having restrained)
- प्रयतो (prayato) - with effort (endeavoring, with effort, striving)
- वाचं (vācaṁ) - speech (speech, voice, word)
- संवीताङ्गो (saṁvītāṅgo) - with covered limbs
- अवगुण्ठितः (avaguṇṭhitaḥ) - and face covered (covered, veiled, concealed)
Words meanings and morphology
तिरस्कृत्य (tiraskṛtya) - Having covered it (having covered, having turned aside)
(indeclinable)
Gerund (Absolutive)
From the verb 'tiraskṛ' (to cover, to conceal, to turn aside).
Prefix: tiras
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The action of covering is to be done before the action of expelling.
उच्चरेत् (uccaret) - should expel (should expel, should throw out)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of uccaret
Potential (Vidhi Ling)
From the root 'car' (to move, to go, to proceed) with the prefix 'ut-' (up, out). The form is in the third person singular, potential mood.
Prefix: ut
Root: car (class 1)
काष्ठलोष्टपत्रतृणादिना (kāṣṭhaloṣṭapatratṛṇādinā) - using wood, clods, leaves, or grass (by wood, clods, leaves, grass, etc.)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of kāṣṭhaloṣṭapatratṛṇādi
kāṣṭhaloṣṭapatratṛṇādi - wood, clods, leaves, grass, and the like
Compound of 'kāṣṭha' (wood), 'loṣṭra' (clod, lump of earth), 'patra' (leaf), 'tṛṇa' (grass), and 'ādi' (and so forth, etc.).
Compound type : dvandva (kāṣṭha+loṣṭra+patra+tṛṇa+ādi)
- kāṣṭha – wood, timber
noun (neuter) - loṣṭra – clod of earth, lump, fragment
noun (neuter) - patra – leaf, feather, wing
noun (neuter) - tṛṇa – grass, straw, blade of grass
noun (neuter) - ādi – beginning, commencement, end, etc., and so forth
noun (masculine)
Note: The instrumental case indicates the means by which the action is performed.
नियम्य (niyamya) - controlling (having controlled, having restrained)
(indeclinable)
Gerund (Absolutive)
From the verb 'niyam' (to control, to restrain, to regulate).
Prefix: ni
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: This action of controlling speech should be done before or during the action of expelling.
प्रयतो (prayato) - with effort (endeavoring, with effort, striving)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of prayatna
prayatna - effort, exertion, striving, attempt, carefulness, control
From the root 'yat' (to strive, to endeavor) with the prefix 'pra-' (forward, forth).
Prefix: pra
Root: yat (class 1)
Note: The instrumental case indicates the means or manner of the action.
वाचं (vācaṁ) - speech (speech, voice, word)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vāk
vāk - speech, voice, word, saying
From the root 'vac' (to speak).
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: The accusative case indicates the direct object of the verb 'niyamya' (controlling).
संवीताङ्गो (saṁvītāṅgo) - with covered limbs
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvītāṅga
saṁvītāṅga - one whose limbs are covered, having covered limbs
Compound of 'saṃvīta' (covered) and 'aṅga' (limb, body part).
Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃvīta+aṅga)
- saṃvīta – covered, wrapped, clothed
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From the root 've' (to weave, to cover) with the prefix 'sam-'.
Prefix: sam
Root: ve (class 2) - aṅga – limb, body part, member
noun (neuter)
Note: The form 'saṃvītāṅgo' is the nominative singular masculine form, used adverbially here.
अवगुण्ठितः (avaguṇṭhitaḥ) - and face covered (covered, veiled, concealed)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avaguṇṭhita
avaguṇṭhita - covered, veiled, concealed, hidden
Past Passive Participle
From the verb 'avaguṇṭh' (to cover, to veil).
Prefix: ava
Root: guṇṭh
Note: Refers to the face being covered or veiled, part of the overall state of being covered.