मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-165
ब्राह्मणायावगुर्यैव द्विजातिर्वधकाम्यया ??।
शतं वर्षाणि तामिस्रे नरके परिवर्तते ॥१६५॥
शतं वर्षाणि तामिस्रे नरके परिवर्तते ॥१६५॥
165. brāhmaṇāyāvaguryaiva dvijātirvadhakāmyayā ??,
śataṁ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate.
śataṁ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate.
165.
brāhmaṇāy avagurya eva dvijātiḥ vadha-kāmyayā
?? śataṃ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate
?? śataṃ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate
165.
dvijātiḥ brāhmaṇāya eva vadha-kāmyayā avagurya
?? śataṃ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate
?? śataṃ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate
165.
A twice-born person (dvijāti) who deliberately insults a Brahmin, desiring to kill him, remains in the Tamisra hell for a hundred years.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a Brahmin
- अवगुर्य (avagurya) - deliberately insulting or disrespecting (having insulted, having slighted)
- एव (eva) - emphatic particle, 'deliberately' (indeed, certainly, only)
- द्विजातिः (dvijātiḥ) - a person of the Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya caste (twice-born, member of the upper three castes)
- वध-काम्यया (vadha-kāmyayā) - desiring the death of (with a desire for killing)
- ?? (??) - unknown
- शतम् (śatam) - a hundred (hundred)
- वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years
- तामिस्रे (tāmisre) - in the Tamisra hell (in Tamisra)
- नरके (narake) - in hell
- परिवर्तते (parivartate) - remains, dwells, suffers (revolves, turns around, dwells)
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a Brahmin
(noun)
Dative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, a man of the priestly caste
Derived from 'brahman' (divine essence, ultimate reality).
अवगुर्य (avagurya) - deliberately insulting or disrespecting (having insulted, having slighted)
(indeclinable)
Gerund (absolutive)
Root 'gṛ' (to take, to seize) with prefix 'ava' (down, away). Gerund form indicating a completed action.
Prefix: ava
Root: gṛ (class 2)
Note: Gerund form, acts adverbially.
एव (eva) - emphatic particle, 'deliberately' (indeed, certainly, only)
(indeclinable)
द्विजातिः (dvijātiḥ) - a person of the Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya caste (twice-born, member of the upper three castes)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijāti
dvijāti - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya)
Compound word: 'dvi' (two) + 'jāti' (born). Refers to the ritual of investiture with the sacred thread (upanayana), after which one is considered 'twice-born'.
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+jāti)
- dvi – two
numeral - jāti – birth, caste, kind, species
noun (feminine)
Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
वध-काम्यया (vadha-kāmyayā) - desiring the death of (with a desire for killing)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of vadha-kāmya
vadha-kāmya - desiring death, having the wish to kill
Compound of 'vadha' (killing) and 'kāmya' (desirable, wished for).
Compound type : tatpurusha (vadha+kāmya)
- vadha – killing, slaughter, death
noun (masculine)
Abstract noun
Derived from root 'han' (to kill).
Root: han (class 2) - kāmya – desirable, wished for, aiming at
adjective (feminine)
Derived from 'kāma' (desire).
?? (??) - unknown
शतम् (śatam) - a hundred (hundred)
(numeral)
वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa
varṣa - rain, year
तामिस्रे (tāmisre) - in the Tamisra hell (in Tamisra)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of tāmisra
tāmisra - dark, gloomy, a particular hell
Derived from 'tamas' (darkness).
नरके (narake) - in hell
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of naraka
naraka - hell, purgatory, infernal region
परिवर्तते (parivartate) - remains, dwells, suffers (revolves, turns around, dwells)
(verb)
3rd person , middle, present (laṭ) of pari-√vṛt
Atmanepada (middle voice)
Root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) with prefix 'pari' (around, completely).
Prefix: pari
Root: vṛt (class 1)