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मनु-स्मृतिः       manu-smṛtiḥ - chapter-4, verse-165

ब्राह्मणायावगुर्यैव द्विजातिर्वधकाम्यया ??।
शतं वर्षाणि तामिस्रे नरके परिवर्तते ॥१६५॥
165. brāhmaṇāyāvaguryaiva dvijātirvadhakāmyayā ??,
śataṁ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate.
165. brāhmaṇāy avagurya eva dvijātiḥ vadha-kāmyayā
?? śataṃ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate
165. dvijātiḥ brāhmaṇāya eva vadha-kāmyayā avagurya
?? śataṃ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate
165. A twice-born person (dvijāti) who deliberately insults a Brahmin, desiring to kill him, remains in the Tamisra hell for a hundred years.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

  • ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a Brahmin
  • अवगुर्य (avagurya) - deliberately insulting or disrespecting (having insulted, having slighted)
  • एव (eva) - emphatic particle, 'deliberately' (indeed, certainly, only)
  • द्विजातिः (dvijātiḥ) - a person of the Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya caste (twice-born, member of the upper three castes)
  • वध-काम्यया (vadha-kāmyayā) - desiring the death of (with a desire for killing)
  • ?? (??) - unknown
  • शतम् (śatam) - a hundred (hundred)
  • वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years
  • तामिस्रे (tāmisre) - in the Tamisra hell (in Tamisra)
  • नरके (narake) - in hell
  • परिवर्तते (parivartate) - remains, dwells, suffers (revolves, turns around, dwells)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a Brahmin
(noun)
Dative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, a man of the priestly caste
Derived from 'brahman' (divine essence, ultimate reality).
अवगुर्य (avagurya) - deliberately insulting or disrespecting (having insulted, having slighted)
(indeclinable)
Gerund (absolutive)
Root 'gṛ' (to take, to seize) with prefix 'ava' (down, away). Gerund form indicating a completed action.
Prefix: ava
Root: gṛ (class 2)
Note: Gerund form, acts adverbially.
एव (eva) - emphatic particle, 'deliberately' (indeed, certainly, only)
(indeclinable)
द्विजातिः (dvijātiḥ) - a person of the Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya caste (twice-born, member of the upper three castes)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijāti
dvijāti - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya)
Compound word: 'dvi' (two) + 'jāti' (born). Refers to the ritual of investiture with the sacred thread (upanayana), after which one is considered 'twice-born'.
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+jāti)
  • dvi – two
    numeral
  • jāti – birth, caste, kind, species
    noun (feminine)
    Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
    Root: jan (class 4)
वध-काम्यया (vadha-kāmyayā) - desiring the death of (with a desire for killing)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of vadha-kāmya
vadha-kāmya - desiring death, having the wish to kill
Compound of 'vadha' (killing) and 'kāmya' (desirable, wished for).
Compound type : tatpurusha (vadha+kāmya)
  • vadha – killing, slaughter, death
    noun (masculine)
    Abstract noun
    Derived from root 'han' (to kill).
    Root: han (class 2)
  • kāmya – desirable, wished for, aiming at
    adjective (feminine)
    Derived from 'kāma' (desire).
?? (??) - unknown
शतम् (śatam) - a hundred (hundred)
(numeral)
वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa
varṣa - rain, year
तामिस्रे (tāmisre) - in the Tamisra hell (in Tamisra)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of tāmisra
tāmisra - dark, gloomy, a particular hell
Derived from 'tamas' (darkness).
नरके (narake) - in hell
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of naraka
naraka - hell, purgatory, infernal region
परिवर्तते (parivartate) - remains, dwells, suffers (revolves, turns around, dwells)
(verb)
3rd person , middle, present (laṭ) of pari-√vṛt
Atmanepada (middle voice)
Root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) with prefix 'pari' (around, completely).
Prefix: pari
Root: vṛt (class 1)