मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-51
छायायामन्धकारे वा रात्रावहनि वा द्विजः ।
यथासुखमुखः कुर्यात प्राणबाधभयेषु च ॥५१॥
यथासुखमुखः कुर्यात प्राणबाधभयेषु च ॥५१॥
51. chāyāyāmandhakāre vā rātrāvahani vā dvijaḥ ,
yathāsukhamukhaḥ kuryāt prāṇabādhabhayeṣu ca.
yathāsukhamukhaḥ kuryāt prāṇabādhabhayeṣu ca.
51.
chāyāyām andhakāre vā rātrāv ahani vā dvijaḥ
yathāsukhamukhaḥ kuryāt prāṇabādhabhayeṣu ca
yathāsukhamukhaḥ kuryāt prāṇabādhabhayeṣu ca
51.
A twice-born person (dvija) may relieve himself comfortably in the shade, in darkness, at night, or during the day, and also in situations of fear of bodily harm.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- छायायाम् (chāyāyām) - in the shade (in shadow, in shade)
- अन्धकारे (andhakāre) - in darkness
- वा (vā) - or
- रात्राव् (rātrāv) - at night
- अहनि (ahani) - during the day
- वा (vā) - or
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born person (twice-born, Brahmin)
- यथासुखमुखः (yathāsukhamukhaḥ) - comfortably (comfortably, at ease, with a happy face)
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - may relieve himself (should do, may do)
- प्राणबाधभयेषु (prāṇabādhabhayeṣu) - in situations of fear of bodily harm (in fears of bodily harm, in dangers to life)
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
छायायाम् (chāyāyām) - in the shade (in shadow, in shade)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of chāyā
chāyā - shadow, shade, reflection, protection
अन्धकारे (andhakāre) - in darkness
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of andhakāra
andhakāra - darkness, gloom
Compound type : tatpurusha (andha+kāra)
- andha – blind, dark
adjective (masculine) - kāra – making, causing
noun (masculine)
from root kṛ 'to do, to make'
Root: kṛ (class 3)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
रात्राव् (rātrāv) - at night
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of rātri
rātri - night
Note: sandhi with preceding 'a'
अहनि (ahani) - during the day
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of ahan
ahan - day
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born person (twice-born, Brahmin)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth, snake
Past Passive Participle
from root jan 'to be born' with prefix dvis 'twice' (actually 'two' + 'born')
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+jan)
- dvi – two
indeclinable - jan – to be born
verb
Root: jan (class 4)
यथासुखमुखः (yathāsukhamukhaḥ) - comfortably (comfortably, at ease, with a happy face)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yathāsukhamukha
yathāsukhamukha - comfortable, at ease, with a pleasant face
compound of yathā (as), sukha (happiness), mukha (face)
Compound type : tatpurusha (yathā+sukha+mukha)
- yathā – as, like, according to
indeclinable - sukha – happiness, pleasure, comfort
noun (neuter) - mukha – face, mouth, front
noun (neuter)
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - may relieve himself (should do, may do)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 3)
प्राणबाधभयेषु (prāṇabādhabhayeṣu) - in situations of fear of bodily harm (in fears of bodily harm, in dangers to life)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of prāṇabādhabhaya
prāṇabādhabhaya - fear of danger to life, fear of bodily harm
compound of prāṇa (life, breath), bādha (hindrance, pain, harm), and bhaya (fear)
Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+bādha+bhaya)
- prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
noun (masculine) - bādha – hindrance, obstruction, pain, suffering, harm
noun (masculine) - bhaya – fear, danger
noun (neuter)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)