मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-128
अमावास्यामष्टमीं च पौर्णमासीं चतुर्दशीम ।
ब्रह्मचारी भवेन्नित्यमप्यर्तौ स्नातको द्विजः ॥१२८॥
ब्रह्मचारी भवेन्नित्यमप्यर्तौ स्नातको द्विजः ॥१२८॥
128. amāvāsyāmaṣṭamīṁ ca paurṇamāsīṁ caturdaśīm ,
brahmacārī bhavennityamapyartau snātako dvijaḥ.
brahmacārī bhavennityamapyartau snātako dvijaḥ.
128.
amāvāsyāmaṣṭamīṃ ca paurṇamāsīṃ caturdaśīm |
brahmacārī bhavennityamapyṛtau snātake dvijaḥ
brahmacārī bhavennityamapyṛtau snātake dvijaḥ
128.
A twice-born person (dvija), even during their period (ṛtau), should always be celibate on the new moon (amāvāsyām), the eighth day (aṣṭamīm), the full moon (pūrṇamāsīm), and the fourteenth day (caturdaśīm).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अमावास्यामष्टमीं (amāvāsyāmaṣṭamīṁ) - new moon day and the eighth day of the lunar fortnight (new moon and eighth day)
- च (ca) - and
- पौर्णमासीं (paurṇamāsīṁ) - full moon day
- चतुर्दशीम् (caturdaśīm) - fourteenth day of the lunar fortnight (fourteenth day)
- ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate (celibate, one who walks in Brahman)
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, becomes)
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, eternally, regularly)
- अप्यृतौ (apyṛtau) - even during the menstrual period (even in the period)
- स्नातकः (snātakaḥ) - a fully initiated student (a student who has completed his studies, a fully initiated student)
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born person (twice-born, twice-born person)
Words meanings and morphology
अमावास्यामष्टमीं (amāvāsyāmaṣṭamīṁ) - new moon day and the eighth day of the lunar fortnight (new moon and eighth day)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of amāvāsyā
amāvāsyā - new moon day, the day of new moon
Note: Sandhi: amāvāsyām + aṣṭamīm = amāvāsyāmaṣṭamīṃ. This seems to be treated as a single compound in sandhi. More likely it refers to two separate days.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
पौर्णमासीं (paurṇamāsīṁ) - full moon day
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of paurṇamāsī
paurṇamāsī - full moon day, the day of full moon
Derived from pūrṇamāsa (full moon).
चतुर्दशीम् (caturdaśīm) - fourteenth day of the lunar fortnight (fourteenth day)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of caturdaśī
caturdaśī - fourteenth (day of the lunar fortnight)
Derived from caturdaśa (fourteen).
ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate (celibate, one who walks in Brahman)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin
brahmacārin - celibate, student, one who walks in Brahman
Compound: brahma + cārin.
Compound type : tatpurusha (brahma+cārin)
- brahma – Brahman, the ultimate reality, sacred knowledge, prayer
noun (neuter)
From the root bṛh (to grow, expand).
Root: bṛh (class 1) - cārin – walking, going, moving
participle (masculine)
Present active participle
From the root car (to move, go).
Root: car (class 2)
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, becomes)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 2)
नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, eternally, regularly)
(indeclinable)
From the root ni with the suffix -tya.
Note: Adverbial use.
अप्यृतौ (apyṛtau) - even during the menstrual period (even in the period)
(indeclinable)
Note: Sandhi: api + ṛtau = apyṛtau. The word ṛtau is in locative case, meaning 'in the period'.
स्नातकः (snātakaḥ) - a fully initiated student (a student who has completed his studies, a fully initiated student)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of snātaka
snātaka - a student who has completed his studies, one who has bathed (after completing his studies or a ritual)
From the root snā (to bathe), past passive participle, referring to one who has bathed after completing his studies.
Root: snā (class 1)
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born person (twice-born, twice-born person)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born, twice-born person (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth, snake
Compound: dvi + ja.
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two
numeral (neuter) - ja – born, produced
participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
Past active participle
From the root jan (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)