मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-138
सत्यं ब्रूयात प्रियं ब्रूयान्न ब्रूयात सत्यमप्रियम ।
प्रियं च नानृतं ब्रूयादेष धर्मः सनातनः ॥१३८॥
प्रियं च नानृतं ब्रूयादेष धर्मः सनातनः ॥१३८॥
138. satyaṁ brūyāt priyaṁ brūyānna brūyāt satyamapriyam ,
priyaṁ ca nānṛtaṁ brūyādeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.
priyaṁ ca nānṛtaṁ brūyādeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.
138.
satyam brūyāt priyam brūyāt na brūyāt satyam apriyam
| priyam ca nānṛtam brūyāt eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ
| priyam ca nānṛtam brūyāt eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ
138.
satyam brūyāt priyam brūyāt satyam apriyam na brūyāt
priyam ca anṛtam na brūyāt eṣaḥ sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ
priyam ca anṛtam na brūyāt eṣaḥ sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ
138.
One should speak the truth. One should speak what is pleasant. One should not speak unpleasant truth. And one should not speak falsehood, even if pleasant. This is the eternal natural law (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सत्यम् (satyam) - truth
- ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak
- प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant, agreeable (pleasant, dear, beloved)
- ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak
- न (na) - not
- ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak
- सत्यम् (satyam) - truthful speech (truth)
- अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant speech (unpleasant, disagreeable)
- प्रियम् (priyam) - what is pleasant (pleasant, dear, beloved)
- च (ca) - and
- न (na) - not
- आनृतम् (ānṛtam) - false speech (falsehood, untruth)
- ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak
- एषः (eṣaḥ) - this path, this way (this)
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, essential nature, righteous conduct (duty, righteousness, natural law, religion)
- सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, timeless (eternal, perpetual, ancient)
Words meanings and morphology
सत्यम् (satyam) - truth
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of satya
satya - truth, reality, real
derived from 'sat' (being, existence)
ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential optative (vidhiliṅ) of √brū
Potential Optative
Root: √brū (class 2)
प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant, agreeable (pleasant, dear, beloved)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of priya
priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
Note: Used substantively here, meaning 'what is pleasant'.
ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential optative (vidhiliṅ) of √brū
Potential Optative
Root: √brū (class 2)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential optative (vidhiliṅ) of √brū
Potential Optative
Root: √brū (class 2)
सत्यम् (satyam) - truthful speech (truth)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of satya
satya - truth, reality, real
derived from 'sat' (being, existence)
अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant speech (unpleasant, disagreeable)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya
apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, not dear
formed with negation prefix 'a-' from 'priya'
Note: Used substantively here, meaning 'what is unpleasant'.
प्रियम् (priyam) - what is pleasant (pleasant, dear, beloved)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of priya
priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
Note: Used substantively here, meaning 'what is pleasant'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
आनृतम् (ānṛtam) - false speech (falsehood, untruth)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ānṛta
ānṛta - untrue, false, falsehood
formed with negation prefix 'a-' from 'ṛta' (truth, order)
ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential optative (vidhiliṅ) of √brū
Potential Optative
Root: √brū (class 2)
एषः (eṣaḥ) - this path, this way (this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of etad
etad - this
Note: Refers to the preceding injunctions about speech.
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, essential nature, righteous conduct (duty, righteousness, natural law, religion)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, righteousness, law, nature, essential quality, religion, virtue
derived from the root '√dhṛ' (to hold, support)
Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, timeless (eternal, perpetual, ancient)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana
sanātana - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, ancient
compound of 'sa-' (with) and 'nātana' (new, not old); implies 'always existing'
Note: Modifies 'dharmaḥ'.