मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-142
न स्पृशेत पाणिनोच्छिष्टो विप्रो गोब्राह्मणानलाण ।
न चापि पश्येदशुचिः सुस्थो ज्योतिर्गणान दिवा ॥१४२॥
न चापि पश्येदशुचिः सुस्थो ज्योतिर्गणान दिवा ॥१४२॥
142. na spṛśet pāṇinocchiṣṭo vipro gobrāhmaṇānalāṇ ,
na cāpi paśyedaśuciḥ sustho jyotirgaṇān divā.
na cāpi paśyedaśuciḥ sustho jyotirgaṇān divā.
142.
na spṛśeta pāṇinā ucchiṣṭo vipraḥ gobrāhmaṇān analān
na cāpi paśyed aśuciḥ susthaḥ jyotirgaṇān divā
na cāpi paśyed aśuciḥ susthaḥ jyotirgaṇān divā
142.
vipraḥ pāṇinā ucchiṣṭaḥ gobrāhmaṇān analān na spṛśeta
cāpi aśuciḥ susthaḥ divā jyotirgaṇān na paśyet
cāpi aśuciḥ susthaḥ divā jyotirgaṇān na paśyet
142.
A twice-born person (vipra) should not touch remnants of food (ucchishta) with their hand, nor should they touch cows, brahmins, or fire. Also, one who is impure (aśuci) should not observe the stars or luminaries during the day while in a healthy state.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not
- स्पृशेत (spṛśeta) - should touch
- पाणिना (pāṇinā) - by the hand
- उच्छिष्टो (ucchiṣṭo) - remnant of food, leavings
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a learned man, a twice-born, a brahmin
- गोब्राह्मणान् (gobrāhmaṇān) - cows and brahmins
- अनलान् (analān) - fire
- न (na) - not
- चापि (cāpi) - and also, moreover
- पश्येत् (paśyet) - should see, should look at
- अशुचिः (aśuciḥ) - impure, unclean
- सुस्थः (susthaḥ) - healthy, well
- ज्योतिर्गणान् (jyotirgaṇān) - luminaries, celestial bodies
- दिवा (divā) - during the day, by day
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
स्पृशेत (spṛśeta) - should touch
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of spṛś
1st conjugation verb
Root: spṛś. Class: 1. Root meaning: to touch.
Root: spṛś (class 1)
पाणिना (pāṇinā) - by the hand
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇi
pāṇi - hand, palm
उच्छिष्टो (ucchiṣṭo) - remnant of food, leavings
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ucchiṣṭa
ucchiṣṭa - remnant, leavings, impure (from food)
Past Passive Participle
from ut + śiṣ (to leave behind).
Prefix: ut
Root: śiṣ (class 6)
Note: The case form here suggests it's modifying 'vipraḥ' or acting as a predicate noun, but contextually refers to what is touched.
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a learned man, a twice-born, a brahmin
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - learned, wise, a brahmin, a twice-born
from root 'vip' (to move quickly, to flow, to be agitated).
Root: vip (class 1)
गोब्राह्मणान् (gobrāhmaṇān) - cows and brahmins
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of gobrāhmaṇa
gobrāhmaṇa - cow and brahmin
compound of go + brāhmaṇa
Compound type : dvandva (go+brāhmaṇa)
- go – cow, bull, ox
noun (feminine) - brāhmaṇa – learned, wise, a brahmin, a twice-born
noun (masculine)
अनलान् (analān) - fire
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of analā
analā - fire
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
चापि (cāpi) - and also, moreover
(indeclinable)
compound of ca + api
Compound type : dvandva (ca+api)
- ca – and
indeclinable - api – also, even, too
indeclinable
पश्येत् (paśyet) - should see, should look at
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of paś
1st conjugation verb
Root: paś. Class: 1. Root meaning: to see.
Root: paś (class 1)
अशुचिः (aśuciḥ) - impure, unclean
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aśuci
aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy
from negation 'a-' + śuci (pure, clean)
Prefix: a
Root: śuc (class 1)
सुस्थः (susthaḥ) - healthy, well
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sustha
sustha - well, healthy, stable, steady
compound of su + stha
Compound type : tatpurusha (su+stha)
- su – good, well, very
prefix - stha – standing, being, situated
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root 'sthā' (to stand)
Root: sthā (class 1)
ज्योतिर्गणान् (jyotirgaṇān) - luminaries, celestial bodies
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of jyotirgaṇa
jyotirgaṇa - group of stars, constellation, luminaries
compound of jyotis + gaṇa
Compound type : tatpurusha (jyotis+gaṇa)
- jyotis – light, radiance, star, celestial body
noun (neuter) - gaṇa – group, multitude, host, class
noun (masculine)
दिवा (divā) - during the day, by day
(indeclinable)