मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-35
कॢप्तकेशनखश्मश्रुर्दान्तः शुक्लाम्बरः शुचिः ।
स्वाध्याये चैव युक्तः स्यान्नित्यमात्महितेषु च ॥३५॥
स्वाध्याये चैव युक्तः स्यान्नित्यमात्महितेषु च ॥३५॥
35. kḷptakeśanakhaśmaśrurdāntaḥ śuklāmbaraḥ śuciḥ ,
svādhyāye caiva yuktaḥ syānnityamātmahiteṣu ca.
svādhyāye caiva yuktaḥ syānnityamātmahiteṣu ca.
35.
kḷpta-keśa-akha-maśrur-dāntaḥ śuklāmbaraḥ śuciḥ |
svādhyāye ca-eva yuktaḥ syāt-nityam-ātma-hiteṣu ca
svādhyāye ca-eva yuktaḥ syāt-nityam-ātma-hiteṣu ca
35.
One should maintain their hair, nails, and beard, be restrained, wear white garments, and be pure. They should always be engaged in self-study and in actions that benefit the self.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कॢप्त (kḷpta) - maintained (arranged, prepared, maintained)
- केश (keśa) - hair (on the head) (hair)
- अख (akha) - body hair (hair)
- मश्रुः (maśruḥ) - beard and mustache (beard, mustache)
- दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled (controlled, restrained)
- शुक्ल (śukla) - white (white, bright)
- अम्बरः (ambaraḥ) - garment (garment, cloth, sky)
- शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure (pure, clean, bright)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, even, only)
- युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged (joined, connected, engaged, proper)
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, may be, is)
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternal)
- आत्म (ātma) - self (self, soul)
- हितेषु (hiteṣu) - actions beneficial to the self (beneficial, welfare)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
Words meanings and morphology
कॢप्त (kḷpta) - maintained (arranged, prepared, maintained)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kḷpta
kḷpta - arranged, prepared, achieved, undertaken
Past Passive Participle
from √kḷp (to be arranged, prepared, accomplished)
Root: kḷp (class 4)
Note: Implied subject is 'one' or 'a person'.
केश (keśa) - hair (on the head) (hair)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of keśa
keśa - hair (on the head), mane
Note: Part of a compound construction with 'akha'.
अख (akha) - body hair (hair)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of akha
akha - hair (of the body)
Note: Part of a compound construction with 'keśa'.
मश्रुः (maśruḥ) - beard and mustache (beard, mustache)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of maśru
maśru - beard, mustache
Note: The form 'maśrur' is nominative singular from 'maśru'.
दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled (controlled, restrained)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dānta
dānta - controlled, restrained, disciplined, tamed
Past Passive Participle
from √dam (to tame, control)
Root: dam (class 4)
शुक्ल (śukla) - white (white, bright)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śukla
śukla - white, bright, pure, clear
Note: Modifies 'ambara'.
अम्बरः (ambaraḥ) - garment (garment, cloth, sky)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ambara
ambara - cloth, garment, sky, atmosphere
शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure (pure, clean, bright)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci
śuci - pure, clean, bright, white
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'svādhyāye' with 'ātmahiteṣu'.
एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, even, only)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes 'svādhyāye'.
युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged (joined, connected, engaged, proper)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta
yukta - joined, yoked, connected, combined, engaged, proper, suitable
Past Passive Participle
from √yuñj (to join, yoke, connect)
Root: yuñj (class 4)
Note: Agrees with the implied subject.
स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, may be, is)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhliṅg) of as
Root Verb
Root 'as' (to be)
Root: as (class 2)
नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternal)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of nitya
nitya - eternal, constant, perpetual, always
from 'ni' + √iy (to go) + kta; implying perpetual going.
Prefix: ni
Root: iy (class 1)
Note: Used adverbially to mean 'always'.
आत्म (ātma) - self (self, soul)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, mind, body
Note: Part of the compound 'ātmahiteṣu'.
हितेषु (hiteṣu) - actions beneficial to the self (beneficial, welfare)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of hita
hita - beneficial, advantageous, wholesome, welfare
Past Passive Participle
from √hi (to send, impel) or √hve (to call)
Root: hi (class 1)
Note: Forms a compound with 'ātman', meaning 'benefits of the self'. Used in locative plural.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'svādhyāye' and 'ātmahiteṣu'.