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मनु-स्मृतिः       manu-smṛtiḥ - chapter-4, verse-40

नोपगच्छेत प्रमत्तोऽपि स्त्रियमार्तवदर्शने ।
समानशयने चैव न शयीत तया सह ॥४०॥
40. nopagacchet pramatto'pi striyamārtavadarśane ,
samānaśayane caiva na śayīta tayā saha.
40. nopagacchet pramatto.
api striyamārtavadarśane | samānaśayane caiva na śayīta tayā saha
40. pramattaḥ api na nopagacchet striyam ārtavadarśane
ca eva samānaśayane tayā saha na śayīta
40. Even if careless, one should not approach a woman when she is menstruating, nor should one sleep with her in the same bed.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

  • (na) - not
  • उपगच्छेत् (upagacchet) - one should approach (should approach, should go near)
  • प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - careless (careless, negligent, intoxicated)
  • अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
  • स्त्रियम् (striyam) - a woman (woman, wife)
  • आर्तवदर्शने (ārtavadarśane) - when she is menstruating (during the sight of menstruation, when the menses appear)
  • समानशयने (samānaśayane) - in the same bed
  • (ca) - and (and, also)
  • एव (eva) - also (indeed, certainly, also, itself)
  • (na) - not
  • शयीत (śayīta) - should sleep (should lie down, should sleep)
  • तया (tayā) - with her (by her, with her)
  • सह (saha) - with (with, together)

Words meanings and morphology

(na) - not
(indeclinable)
उपगच्छेत् (upagacchet) - one should approach (should approach, should go near)
(verb)
active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of upagam
derived from root 'gam-' (to go) with prefix 'upa-'
Prefix: upa
Root: gam (class 2)
Note: 3rd person singular, potential mood often translated as 'should'
प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - careless (careless, negligent, intoxicated)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pramatta
pramatta - careless, negligent, inattentive, intoxicated, infatuated
Past Passive Participle
derived from root 'mad-' (to be mad, intoxicated) with prefix 'pra-'
Prefix: pra
Root: mad (class 4)
अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
स्त्रियम् (striyam) - a woman (woman, wife)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of strī
strī - woman, wife
आर्तवदर्शने (ārtavadarśane) - when she is menstruating (during the sight of menstruation, when the menses appear)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of ārtavadarśana
ārtavadarśana - seeing the menses, appearance of menstruation
compound of 'ārtava' (menstruation, season) and 'darśana' (seeing, sight)
Compound type : tatpurusha (ārtava+darśana)
  • ārtava – belonging to a season, monthly period, menstruation
    noun (masculine)
    derived from 'ṛtu-' (season)
  • darśana – seeing, sight, view, appearance
    noun (neuter)
    Gerundive
    derived from root 'dṛś-' (to see) with suffix '-ana'
    Root: dṛś (class 10)
समानशयने (samānaśayane) - in the same bed
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of samānaśayana
samānaśayana - sleeping together, a shared bed
compound of 'samāna' (same, equal) and 'śayana' (bed, sleeping)
Compound type : tatpurusha (samāna+śayana)
  • samāna – same, equal, similar, together
    adjective (masculine)
    derived from 'sama-' (equal) with prefix 'sa-'
    Prefix: sa
  • śayana – bed, sleeping place, act of sleeping
    noun (neuter)
    Gerundive
    derived from root 'śī-' (to sleep) with suffix '-yana'
    Root: śī (class 2)
(ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - also (indeed, certainly, also, itself)
(indeclinable)
(na) - not
(indeclinable)
शयीत (śayīta) - should sleep (should lie down, should sleep)
(verb)
active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of śī
Root: śī (class 2)
Note: 3rd person singular, potential mood often translated as 'should'
तया (tayā) - with her (by her, with her)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of tat
tat - that, it, he, she, they
सह (saha) - with (with, together)
(indeclinable)