मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-184
आकाशेशास्तु विज्ञेया बालवृद्धकृशातुराः ।
भ्राता ज्येष्ठः समः पित्रा भार्या पुत्रः स्वका तनुः ॥१८४॥
भ्राता ज्येष्ठः समः पित्रा भार्या पुत्रः स्वका तनुः ॥१८४॥
184. ākāśeśāstu vijñeyā bālavṛddhakṛśāturāḥ ,
bhrātā jyeṣṭhaḥ samaḥ pitrā bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ.
bhrātā jyeṣṭhaḥ samaḥ pitrā bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ.
184.
ākāśeśāḥ tu vijñeyā bālavṛddhakṛśāturāḥ bhrātā
jyeṣṭhaḥ samaḥ pitrā bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ
jyeṣṭhaḥ samaḥ pitrā bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ
184.
tu ākāśeśāḥ bālavṛddhakṛśāturāḥ vijñeyā bhrātā
jyeṣṭhaḥ pitrā samaḥ bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ
jyeṣṭhaḥ pitrā samaḥ bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ
184.
The lords of the ether are to be known as the young, old, thin, and sick. The elder brother is like the father; the wife, the son; and oneself is one's own body.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- आकाशेशाः (ākāśeśāḥ) - lords of the ether
- तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)
- विज्ञेया (vijñeyā) - to be known (to be known, should be understood)
- बालवृद्धकृशातुराः (bālavṛddhakṛśāturāḥ) - the young, old, thin, and sick (young, old, thin, and sick)
- भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother
- ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder (elder, eldest, chief)
- समः (samaḥ) - like (equal, like, similar)
- पित्रा (pitrā) - like the father (by the father)
- भार्या (bhāryā) - wife
- पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son
- स्वका (svakā) - one's own
- तनुः (tanuḥ) - body (body, self)
Words meanings and morphology
आकाशेशाः (ākāśeśāḥ) - lords of the ether
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ākāśeśa
ākāśeśa - lord of the ether, ruler of the sky
compound of 'ākāśa' (ether, sky) and 'īśa' (lord).
Compound type : tatpurusha (ākāśa+īśa)
- ākāśa – ether, space, sky, atmosphere
noun (masculine) - īśa – lord, master, ruler, Shiva
noun (masculine)
तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)
(indeclinable)
विज्ञेया (vijñeyā) - to be known (to be known, should be understood)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of vijñeya
vijñeya - to be known, knowable, to be understood
Gerundive
from the root 'jñā' (to know) with prefixes 'vi' (apart, specially) and 'jñā', indicating something to be specifically known.
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 2)
Note: Agrees with 'ākāśeśāḥ' (lords of ether).
बालवृद्धकृशातुराः (bālavṛddhakṛśāturāḥ) - the young, old, thin, and sick (young, old, thin, and sick)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of bālavṛddhakṛśātura
bālavṛddhakṛśātura - young, old, thin, and sick
copulative compound of 'bāla' (child, young), 'vṛddha' (old), 'kṛśa' (thin, emaciated), and 'ātura' (sick, afflicted).
Compound type : copulative (bāla+vṛddha+kṛśa+ātura)
- bāla – child, young person, immature
noun (masculine) - vṛddha – old, aged, grown
adjective (masculine)
from the root 'vṛdh' (to grow).
Root: vṛdh (class 1) - kṛśa – thin, lean, emaciated, slender
adjective (masculine) - ātura – sick, ill, afflicted, suffering
adjective (masculine)
from the root 'ṛ' (to go, move) with prefix 'ā' and suffix 'tura', possibly related to restlessness or suffering.
Prefix: ā
Root: ṛ (class 2)
Note: This compound describes various states of people who might be seen as dependent or needing care.
भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ
bhrātṛ - brother
ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder (elder, eldest, chief)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha
jyeṣṭha - eldest, elder, principal, best
superlative degree of 'bṛh' (to grow, be great) or related root.
समः (samaḥ) - like (equal, like, similar)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sama
sama - equal, same, similar, like, calm, even
related to the root 'sam' (to be equal, calm).
Root: sam (class 1)
पित्रा (pitrā) - like the father (by the father)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ
pitṛ - father
Note: Used with 'sama' (equal) to mean 'equal to' or 'like'.
भार्या (bhāryā) - wife
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife, wife to be, one who is to be supported
Gerundive
from the root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) with suffix 'ya', implying 'one who is to be supported'.
Root: bhṛ (class 1)
पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of putra
putra - son, child
etymology debated; traditionally said to deliver from hell (put).
स्वका (svakā) - one's own
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of svaka
svaka - one's own, belonging to oneself
derived from 'sva' (self) with suffix 'ka'.
तनुः (tanuḥ) - body (body, self)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tanu
tanu - body, self, slender, thin