मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-72
न विगर्ह्य कथां कुर्याद बहिर्माल्यं न धारयेत ।
गवां च यानं पृष्ठेन सर्वथैव विगर्हितम ॥७२॥
गवां च यानं पृष्ठेन सर्वथैव विगर्हितम ॥७२॥
72. na vigarhya kathāṁ kuryād bahirmālyaṁ na dhārayet ,
gavāṁ ca yānaṁ pṛṣṭhena sarvathaiva vigarhitam.
gavāṁ ca yānaṁ pṛṣṭhena sarvathaiva vigarhitam.
72.
na vigṛhya kathām kuryāt bahir_mālyam na dhārayet
gavām ca yānam pṛṣṭhena sarvathā eva vigarhitam
gavām ca yānam pṛṣṭhena sarvathā eva vigarhitam
72.
naḥ vigṛhya kathām kuryāt naḥ bahir_mālyam dhārayet
gavām ca yānam pṛṣṭhena sarvathā eva vigarhitam
gavām ca yānam pṛṣṭhena sarvathā eva vigarhitam
72.
One should not engage in reprehensible talk, nor wear garlands (made of flowers) externally. Also, traveling in a cart pulled by cows is completely reprehensible.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not
- विगृह्य (vigṛhya) - reprehensible (having grasped, having understood)
- कथाम् (kathām) - talk (story, talk, speech)
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should engage in (should do, should make)
- बहिर्_माल्यम् (bahir_mālyam) - garland made of flowers worn externally (external garland)
- न (na) - not
- धारयेत् (dhārayet) - should wear (should wear, should hold)
- गवाम् (gavām) - of cows
- च (ca) - and, also
- यानम् (yānam) - cart (vehicle, carriage, journey)
- पृष्ठेन (pṛṣṭhena) - riding on the back of (by the back, on the back)
- सर्वथा (sarvathā) - completely (in every way, altogether, completely)
- एव (eva) - indeed, surely, only
- विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - reprehensible (despicable, blameworthy, reprehensible)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
विगृह्य (vigṛhya) - reprehensible (having grasped, having understood)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive
from prefix vi- and root gṛh 'to grasp'
Prefix: vi
Root: gṛh (class 1)
कथाम् (kathām) - talk (story, talk, speech)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā
kathā - story, narrative, speech, talk
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should engage in (should do, should make)
(verb)
3rd person , active, precative (liṅ) of kṛ
Simple Verb
root class 8.36
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: precative form indicating a suggestion or mild command
बहिर्_माल्यम् (bahir_mālyam) - garland made of flowers worn externally (external garland)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bahirmālya
bahirmālya - external garland
compound of bahis 'outside' and mālā 'garland'
Compound type : tatpurusha (bahis+mālya)
- bahis – outside, external
indeclinable - mālya – garland
noun (neuter)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
धारयेत् (dhārayet) - should wear (should wear, should hold)
(verb)
3rd person , active, precative (liṅ) of dhṛ
Causative/Desiderative/Intensive/Atmanepada
root class 1.1066, can also be derived with causative suffix ni-
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: precative form indicating a suggestion or mild command
गवाम् (gavām) - of cows
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of go
go - cow, ox, bull
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
यानम् (yānam) - cart (vehicle, carriage, journey)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yāna
yāna - vehicle, carriage, boat, going, journey
from root yā 'to go'
Root: yā (class 2)
पृष्ठेन (pṛṣṭhena) - riding on the back of (by the back, on the back)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha
pṛṣṭha - back (of the body), posterior, upper surface
Note: In this context, it implies traveling 'on the back' (of the cart) or by means of the cart.
सर्वथा (sarvathā) - completely (in every way, altogether, completely)
(indeclinable)
from sarva 'all'
एव (eva) - indeed, surely, only
(indeclinable)
विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - reprehensible (despicable, blameworthy, reprehensible)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vigarhitam
vigarhitam - despicable, blameworthy, reprehensible, censured
Past Passive Participle
from root gṛh 'to praise' with prefix vi- and negation a-
Prefix: vi
Root: gṛh (class 1)