मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-119
उपाकर्मणि चोत्सर्गे त्रिरात्रं क्षेपणं स्मृतम ।
अष्टकासु त्वहोरात्रं ऋत्वन्तासु च रात्रिषु ॥११९॥
अष्टकासु त्वहोरात्रं ऋत्वन्तासु च रात्रिषु ॥११९॥
119. upākarmaṇi cotsarge trirātraṁ kṣepaṇaṁ smṛtam ,
aṣṭakāsu tvahorātraṁ ṛtvantāsu ca rātriṣu.
aṣṭakāsu tvahorātraṁ ṛtvantāsu ca rātriṣu.
119.
upākarmaṇi ca utsarge tri rātraṃ kṣepaṇaṃ smṛtam
aṣṭakāsu tu aho rātraṃ ṛtavantāsu ca rātriṣu
aṣṭakāsu tu aho rātraṃ ṛtavantāsu ca rātriṣu
119.
During the upākarma (initiation ritual) and utsarga (completion ritual), a three-night period of omission is prescribed. During the Aṣṭakā (monthly ritual) and the final days of the month (ṛtvantā), a full day and night (or just a night) is prescribed.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उपाकर्मणि (upākarmaṇi) - during the initiation ritual (during the upakarma, in the upakarma)
- च (ca) - and, also
- उत्सर्गे (utsarge) - during the completion or conclusion ritual (in the utsarga, during the utsarga)
- त्रि (tri) - three
- रात्रं (rātraṁ) - a period of three nights (night, period of night)
- क्षेपणं (kṣepaṇaṁ) - a period of omission or abstention (omission, setting aside, postponement)
- स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is prescribed, is considered (remembered, prescribed, considered)
- अष्टकासु (aṣṭakāsu) - during the specific Aṣṭakā monthly rituals (in the Aṣṭakās, during the Aṣṭakās)
- तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
- अहो (aho) - daytime (day)
- रात्रं (rātraṁ) - nighttime (night, period of night)
- ऋतवन्तासु (ṛtavantāsu) - in the days marking the end of a season (ṛtu) (in the Rtvantas, in the end of the Rtu)
- च (ca) - and, also
- रात्रिषु (rātriṣu) - during the nights (especially those specified) (in the nights, during the nights)
Words meanings and morphology
उपाकर्मणि (upākarmaṇi) - during the initiation ritual (during the upakarma, in the upakarma)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of upākarman
upākarman - beginning, commencement, initiation (of Vedic studies)
Prefix: upa
Root: kṛ (class 1)
Note: Locative case indicating 'during'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
उत्सर्गे (utsarge) - during the completion or conclusion ritual (in the utsarga, during the utsarga)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of utsarga
utsarga - abandonment, release, dedication, conclusion, completion
Prefix: ut
Root: sṛj (class 6)
Note: Locative case indicating 'during'.
त्रि (tri) - three
(indeclinable)
Note: Often functions as an indeclinable prefix in compounds.
रात्रं (rātraṁ) - a period of three nights (night, period of night)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of rātra
rātra - night, a period of a night
Note: Accusative case, often used to indicate duration or extent when compounded with a numeral.
क्षेपणं (kṣepaṇaṁ) - a period of omission or abstention (omission, setting aside, postponement)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣepaṇa
kṣepaṇa - throwing, casting, omission, setting aside
gerundive
from kṣip 'to throw' + -ana suffix.
Root: kṣip (class 6)
Note: Accusative case, functioning as the object of the implied verb 'is'.
स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is prescribed, is considered (remembered, prescribed, considered)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, known, traditional, prescribed
Past Passive Participle
from smṛ 'to remember' + -ta suffix.
Root: smṛ (class 1)
Note: Nominative singular neuter, agreeing with kṣepaṇaṃ.
अष्टकासु (aṣṭakāsu) - during the specific Aṣṭakā monthly rituals (in the Aṣṭakās, during the Aṣṭakās)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of aṣṭakā
aṣṭakā - a set of eight, the eighth day of the lunar fortnight, a particular monthly ritual performed on the eighth day.
Root: aṣṭa
Note: Locative plural, indicating 'during the Aṣṭakās'.
तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
(indeclinable)
अहो (aho) - daytime (day)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan
ahan - day
Note: Nominative singular of ahan, often used in compounds like ahorātra.
रात्रं (rātraṁ) - nighttime (night, period of night)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of rātra
rātra - night, a period of a night
Note: Accusative singular. Part of the compound ahorātra.
ऋतवन्तासु (ṛtavantāsu) - in the days marking the end of a season (ṛtu) (in the Rtvantas, in the end of the Rtu)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of ṛtvanta
ṛtvanta - one who has completed the Rtu (season or period of 6 months), end of the Rtu
Root: ṛtu
Note: Locative plural. Indicates 'during the days marking the end of a season'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
रात्रिषु (rātriṣu) - during the nights (especially those specified) (in the nights, during the nights)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of rātri
rātri - night
Note: Locative plural, indicating 'during the nights'.