मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-4
ऋतामृताभ्यां जीवेत तु मृतेन प्रमृतेन वा ।
सत्यानृताभ्यामपि वा न श्ववृत्त्या कदा चन ॥४॥
सत्यानृताभ्यामपि वा न श्ववृत्त्या कदा चन ॥४॥
4. ṛtāmṛtābhyāṁ jīvet tu mṛtena pramṛtena vā ,
satyānṛtābhyāmapi vā na śvavṛttyā kadā cana.
satyānṛtābhyāmapi vā na śvavṛttyā kadā cana.
4.
ṛtāmṛtābhyāṃ jīveta tu mṛtena pramṛtena vā |
satyānṛtābhyāmapi vā na śvavr̥ttyā kadā cana
satyānṛtābhyāmapi vā na śvavr̥ttyā kadā cana
4.
One should live by 'ṛta' (truthful earning) and 'amṛta' (unasked charity), or by 'mṛta' (asked alms) or 'pramṛta' (agriculture), or even by 'satyanṛta' (trade), but never by a dog's livelihood (begging).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ऋतामृताभ्यां (ṛtāmṛtābhyāṁ) - by 'ṛta' (truthful earning) and 'amṛta' (unasked charity) (by ṛta and amṛta)
- जीवेत (jīveta) - should live (may live, should live)
- तु (tu) - but (but, however, then)
- मृतेन (mṛtena) - by 'mṛta' (asked alms) (by the dead, by the deceased, by asked alms)
- प्रमृतेन (pramṛtena) - by 'pramṛta' (agriculture) (by very dead, by greatly deceased, by agricultural produce)
- वा (vā) - or (or, or else)
- सत्यानृताभ्यामपि (satyānṛtābhyāmapi) - or even by 'satyanṛta' (trade) (even by truth and untruth, even by trade)
- वा (vā) - or
- न (na) - never (not)
- श्वव्र्̥त्त्या (śvavr̥ttyā) - by a dog's livelihood (begging) (by dog's livelihood, by begging)
- कदा (kadā) - ever (when, ever)
- चन (cana) - ever (ever, at all, indeed)
Words meanings and morphology
ऋतामृताभ्यां (ṛtāmṛtābhyāṁ) - by 'ṛta' (truthful earning) and 'amṛta' (unasked charity) (by ṛta and amṛta)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, dual of ṛtāmṛta
ṛtāmṛta - truth and untruth, pure and impure means of livelihood
Compound type : dvandva (ṛta+amṛta)
- ṛta – truth, cosmic order, righteousness, ritual, proper, correct, truthful earning
noun (neuter) - amṛta – immortal, nectar, pure, unstale, unasked charity
noun (neuter)
Prefix: a
जीवेत (jīveta) - should live (may live, should live)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (liṅ) of jīv
Potential
Root 'jīv' (to live). The form is 3rd person singular potential (vidhiliṅ).
Root: jīv (class 1)
तु (tu) - but (but, however, then)
(indeclinable)
मृतेन (mṛtena) - by 'mṛta' (asked alms) (by the dead, by the deceased, by asked alms)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of mṛta
mṛta - dead, deceased, lifeless, begged, asked for
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of the root 'mṛ' (to die). In this context, it refers to something obtained by asking.
Root: mṛ (class 6)
प्रमृतेन (pramṛtena) - by 'pramṛta' (agriculture) (by very dead, by greatly deceased, by agricultural produce)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of pramṛta
pramṛta - much dead, very dead, agricultural product, earned by hard work
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of the root 'mṛ' with the prefix 'pra-'. Here implies produce from cultivation.
Prefix: pra
Root: mṛ (class 6)
वा (vā) - or (or, or else)
(indeclinable)
सत्यानृताभ्यामपि (satyānṛtābhyāmapi) - or even by 'satyanṛta' (trade) (even by truth and untruth, even by trade)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, dual of satyānṛta
satyānṛta - truth and untruth, trade, commerce
Compound type : dvandva (satya+anṛta)
- satya – truth, reality, essence
noun (neuter)
Root: sat (class 1) - anṛta – untruth, falsehood, wrong
noun (neuter)
Prefix: a
Note: The 'api' (even, also) is attached.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
न (na) - never (not)
(indeclinable)
श्वव्र्̥त्त्या (śvavr̥ttyā) - by a dog's livelihood (begging) (by dog's livelihood, by begging)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of śvavr̥tti
śvavr̥tti - dog's livelihood, beggary
Compound type : tatpurusha (śvan+vr̥tti)
- śvan – dog
noun (masculine) - vr̥tti – livelihood, profession, mode of life, existence, circulation
noun (feminine)
Root: vṛt (class 1)
कदा (kadā) - ever (when, ever)
(indeclinable)
चन (cana) - ever (ever, at all, indeed)
(indeclinable)
Note: Forms 'kadā cana' - never.