मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-61
न शूद्रराज्ये निवसेन्नाधार्मिकजनावृते ।
न पाषण्डिगणाक्रान्ते नोपस्षृटेऽन्त्यजैर्नृभिः ॥६१॥
न पाषण्डिगणाक्रान्ते नोपस्षृटेऽन्त्यजैर्नृभिः ॥६१॥
61. na śūdrarājye nivasennādhārmikajanāvṛte ,
na pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte nopasṣṛṭe'ntyajairnṛbhiḥ.
na pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte nopasṣṛṭe'ntyajairnṛbhiḥ.
61.
na śūdrarājye nivasen_nādhārmikajanāvṛte | na
pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte no_paspṛṣṭe_ntyajair_nṛbhiḥ
pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte no_paspṛṣṭe_ntyajair_nṛbhiḥ
61.
śūdrārājye na nivaset na ādhārmikajanāvṛte na
pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte na antyajaiḥ nṛbhiḥ upaspṛṣṭe
pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte na antyajaiḥ nṛbhiḥ upaspṛṣṭe
61.
One should not live in a kingdom of śūdras (laborers/servants), nor in a place filled with unrighteous people, nor in a place overrun by assemblies of heretics, nor in a place touched by outcastes.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no
- शूद्राराज्ये (śūdrārājye) - in a kingdom of śūdras
- निवसे_न् (nivase_n) - should live, should dwell
- न (na) - not, no
- आधार्मिक (ādhārmika) - unrighteous, irreligious
- जना (janā) - people, men
- आवृते (āvṛte) - covered, surrounded
- न (na) - not, no
- पाषण्डि (pāṣaṇḍi) - heretic, impostor, unbeliever
- गण (gaṇa) - group, assembly, host
- आक्रान्ते (ākrānte) - overcome, invaded, occupied
- न (na) - not, no
- उपस्पृष्टे (upaspṛṣṭe) - touched, contaminated
- अन्त्यजैः (antyajaiḥ) - by outcastes
- नृभिः (nṛbhiḥ) - by men
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
शूद्राराज्ये (śūdrārājye) - in a kingdom of śūdras
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śūdrārājya
śūdrārājya - kingdom of śūdras
Compound type : tatpurusha (śūdra+rājya)
- śūdra – a member of the fourth caste, laborer, servant
noun (masculine) - rājya – kingdom, rule, reign
noun (neuter)
निवसे_न् (nivase_n) - should live, should dwell
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of vas
ni-vas, vidhiliṅ
The prefix ni- is added to the root vas. The vidhiliṅ mood indicates a potential or optative sense, often translated as 'should' or 'may'.
Prefix: ni
Root: vas (class 2)
Note: indicates prohibition when used with 'na'
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
आधार्मिक (ādhārmika) - unrighteous, irreligious
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adharmika
adharmika - unrighteous, irreligious, unjust
Prefix: a
Root: dharmika
Note: part of a compound adjective describing 'janā'
जना (janā) - people, men
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jana
jana - person, man, people, crowd
Note: part of a compound adjective describing 'āvṛte'
आवृते (āvṛte) - covered, surrounded
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of vṛ
vṛ - to cover, to surround, to choose
ā-vṛ, kta
The past passive participle suffix -kta is added to the root vṛ with the prefix ā-.
Prefix: ā
Root: vṛ (class 1)
Note: part of a compound adjective, modifying an implied 'place' or 'grāme'
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
पाषण्डि (pāṣaṇḍi) - heretic, impostor, unbeliever
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of pāṣaṇḍin
pāṣaṇḍin - heretic, impostor, unbeliever, follower of a false doctrine
Note: part of a compound adjective describing 'gaṇa'
गण (gaṇa) - group, assembly, host
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of gaṇa
gaṇa - group, company, troop, multitude, class
Note: part of a compound adjective describing 'ākrānte'
आक्रान्ते (ākrānte) - overcome, invaded, occupied
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kram
kram - to step, to walk, to go, to proceed, to overcome
ā-kram, kta
The past passive participle suffix -kta is added to the root kram with the prefix ā-.
Prefix: ā
Root: kram (class 1)
Note: part of a compound adjective, modifying an implied 'place' or 'grāme'
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
उपस्पृष्टे (upaspṛṣṭe) - touched, contaminated
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of spṛś
spṛś - to touch, to feel
upa-spṛś, kta
The past passive participle suffix -kta is added to the root spṛś with the prefix upa-.
Prefix: upa
Root: spṛś (class 6)
Note: modifying an implied 'place' or 'grāme', meaning 'in a place touched by'
अन्त्यजैः (antyajaiḥ) - by outcastes
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of antya
antya - last, final, lowest, outcaste
Note: used substantively to mean 'outcastes'
नृभिः (nṛbhiḥ) - by men
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of nṛ
nṛ - man, male, hero
Note: often used generically for people