मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-52
प्रत्यग्निं प्रतिसूर्यं च प्रतिसोमोदकद्विजम ।
प्रतिगु प्रतिवातं च प्रज्ञा नश्यति मेहतः ॥५२॥
प्रतिगु प्रतिवातं च प्रज्ञा नश्यति मेहतः ॥५२॥
52. pratyagniṁ pratisūryaṁ ca pratisomodakadvijam ,
pratigu prativātaṁ ca prajñā naśyati mehataḥ.
pratigu prativātaṁ ca prajñā naśyati mehataḥ.
52.
pratyagnim pratisūryam ca pratisomodakadvijam
pratigu pratīvātam ca prajñā naśyati meṇataḥ
pratigu pratīvātam ca prajñā naśyati meṇataḥ
52.
Intelligence (prajñā) is destroyed by the mind (manas) when it faces fire, the sun, a Brahmin (dvija) with water, a cow (go), or the wind.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्रत्यग्निम् (pratyagnim) - facing fire
- प्रतिसूर्यम् (pratisūryam) - facing the sun
- च (ca) - and
- प्रतिसोमोदकद्विजम् (pratisomodakadvijam) - facing a Brahmin with water (facing the moon, water, and a Brahmin)
- प्रतिगु (pratigu) - facing a cow
- प्रतीवातम् (pratīvātam) - facing the wind
- च (ca) - and
- प्रज्ञा (prajñā) - intelligence (wisdom, intelligence, consciousness)
- नश्यति (naśyati) - is destroyed (perishes, is destroyed, is lost)
- मेणतः (meṇataḥ) - by the mind (from the mind, from the semen)
Words meanings and morphology
प्रत्यग्निम् (pratyagnim) - facing fire
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pratyagni
pratyagni - facing fire
compound of prati (towards, against) and agni (fire)
Compound type : tatpurusha (prati+agni)
- prati – towards, against, back, each
indeclinable - agni – fire, god of fire
noun (masculine)
Note: sandhi with preceding 'i' and following 'a'
प्रतिसूर्यम् (pratisūryam) - facing the sun
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pratisūrya
pratisūrya - facing the sun
compound of prati (towards) and sūrya (sun)
Compound type : tatpurusha (prati+sūrya)
- prati – towards, against, back, each
indeclinable - sūrya – sun
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
प्रतिसोमोदकद्विजम् (pratisomodakadvijam) - facing a Brahmin with water (facing the moon, water, and a Brahmin)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pratisomodakadvija
pratisomodakadvija - facing the moon, water, and a Brahmin
compound of prati (towards), soma (moon, water, nectar), udaka (water), and dvija (twice-born, Brahmin)
Compound type : tatpurusha (prati+soma+udaka+dvija)
- prati – towards, against, back, each
indeclinable - soma – moon, Soma plant, nectar, water
noun (masculine) - udaka – water
noun (neuter) - dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth, snake
noun (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root jan 'to be born' with prefix dvis 'twice' (actually 'two' + 'born')
Root: jan (class 4)
प्रतिगु (pratigu) - facing a cow
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pratigu
pratigu - facing a cow
compound of prati (towards) and gu (cow)
Compound type : tatpurusha (prati+gu)
- prati – towards, against, back, each
indeclinable - gu – cow, bull
noun (feminine)
प्रतीवातम् (pratīvātam) - facing the wind
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pratīvāta
pratīvāta - facing the wind
compound of prati (towards) and vāta (wind)
Compound type : tatpurusha (prati+vāta)
- prati – towards, against, back, each
indeclinable - vāta – wind, air
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
प्रज्ञा (prajñā) - intelligence (wisdom, intelligence, consciousness)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of prajñā
prajñā - wisdom, intelligence, knowledge, understanding
Feminine noun from root jñā (to know) with prefix pra (forth, intensely)
Prefix: pra
Root: jñā (class 2)
नश्यति (naśyati) - is destroyed (perishes, is destroyed, is lost)
(verb)
3rd person , active, present (laṭ) of naś
Root: naś (class 4)
मेणतः (meṇataḥ) - by the mind (from the mind, from the semen)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of meṇa
meṇa - mind, semen
Note: This word seems to be an unusual form. 'Manas' (mind) is more common. The form suggests 'meṇa' with an ablative ending. It could also refer to semen, but 'mind' fits the context better with 'prajñā' (intelligence).