मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-97
यथाशास्त्रं तु कृत्वैवमुत्सर्गं छन्दसां बहिः ।
विरमेत पक्षिणीं रात्रिं तदेवैकमहर्निशम ॥९७॥
विरमेत पक्षिणीं रात्रिं तदेवैकमहर्निशम ॥९७॥
97. yathāśāstraṁ tu kṛtvaivamutsargaṁ chandasāṁ bahiḥ ,
viramet pakṣiṇīṁ rātriṁ tadevaikamaharniśam.
viramet pakṣiṇīṁ rātriṁ tadevaikamaharniśam.
97.
yathāśāstraṁ tu kr̥tvā evam utsarjanaṁ chandasāṁ
bahis virameta pakṣiṇīṁ rātriṁ tad ekam aharniśam
bahis virameta pakṣiṇīṁ rātriṁ tad ekam aharniśam
97.
Having thus performed the utsarga (conclusion ceremony) of the Vedic chants externally according to the scriptures, one should abstain from study for the period of a night and a day, which is a single day and night.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यथाशास्त्रं (yathāśāstraṁ) - according to scripture
- तु (tu) - but, however
- कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done)
- एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, so)
- उत्सर्जनं (utsarjanaṁ) - formal conclusion or dedication ceremony (release, abandonment)
- छन्दसां (chandasāṁ) - of the Vedic hymns (of the Vedic chants)
- बहिस् (bahis) - externally, outside the usual place of study (outside)
- विरमेत (virameta) - should abstain from study (should cease, should abstain)
- पक्षिणीं (pakṣiṇīṁ) - for one night and day (a period often treated as a day-night cycle) (of a fortnight)
- रात्रिं (rātriṁ) - night
- तद् (tad) - that period (that)
- एकम् (ekam) - one
- अहर्निशम् (aharniśam) - a full day and night period (day and night)
Words meanings and morphology
यथाशास्त्रं (yathāśāstraṁ) - according to scripture
(indeclinable)
Compound of 'yathā' (as, according to) and 'śāstra' (scripture, teaching).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+śāstra)
- yathā – as, according to, like
indeclinable - śāstra – scripture, sacred text, science, doctrine, teaching, rule
noun (neuter)
Derived from the root 'śās' (to teach, command, rule).
Root: śās (class 1)
तु (tu) - but, however
(indeclinable)
कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done)
(indeclinable)
absolutive
From the root 'kr̥' (to do, make).
Root: kr̥ (class 8)
एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, so)
(indeclinable)
उत्सर्जनं (utsarjanaṁ) - formal conclusion or dedication ceremony (release, abandonment)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of utsarjana
utsarjana - emission, letting go, abandonment, release, consecration
Nominal derivation
From the root 'sr̥j' (to emit, release, create) with the prefix 'ut-' (up, out) and the suffix '-ana'.
Prefix: ut
Root: sr̥j (class 6)
छन्दसां (chandasāṁ) - of the Vedic hymns (of the Vedic chants)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, plural of chandas
chandas - meter, verse, hymn, Vedic text, Vedic chant
Derived from the root 'chand' (to be pleased, to cover, to shine).
Root: chand (class 10)
Note: Possessive case, indicating the utsarga pertains to the chandas.
बहिस् (bahis) - externally, outside the usual place of study (outside)
(indeclinable)
विरमेत (virameta) - should abstain from study (should cease, should abstain)
(verb)
3rd person , middle, optative (liṅ) of virameta
Benedictiv/Optative
From the root 'ram' (to delight, rest, cease) with the prefix 'vi-' (apart, away).
Prefix: vi
Root: ram (class 1)
पक्षिणीं (pakṣiṇīṁ) - for one night and day (a period often treated as a day-night cycle) (of a fortnight)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of pakṣiṇī
pakṣiṇī - relating to a fortnight, lasting a fortnight, a fortnight
Derived from 'pakṣa' (side, fortnight).
Note: This word is tricky. It can mean 'fortnight', but also 'a period of day and night', which aligns with 'aharniśam'.
रात्रिं (rātriṁ) - night
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri
rātri - night
Note: Part of the compound 'pakṣiṇīṁ rātriṁ' or understood as 'one night'.
तद् (tad) - that period (that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Refers to the period of one day and one night.
एकम् (ekam) - one
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ekam
ekam - one
अहर्निशम् (aharniśam) - a full day and night period (day and night)
(indeclinable)
Compound of 'ahani' (day) and 'niśā' (night).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (ahani+niśā)
- ahani – day
noun (masculine) - niśā – night
noun (feminine)
Note: In this context, 'pakṣiṇīṁ rātriṁ' and 'ekam aharniśam' together describe the same duration: one day and one night.