मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-38
न लङ्घयेद वत्सतन्त्रीं न प्रधावेच्च वर्षति ।
न चोदके निरीक्षेत स्वरूपमिति धारणा ॥३८॥
न चोदके निरीक्षेत स्वरूपमिति धारणा ॥३८॥
38. na laṅghayed vatsatantrīṁ na pradhāvecca varṣati ,
na codake nirīkṣeta svarūpamiti dhāraṇā.
na codake nirīkṣeta svarūpamiti dhāraṇā.
38.
na laṅghayed-vatsa-tantrīm na pra-dhāvec ca varṣati
| na ca-udake nir-īkṣeta svarūpam-iti dhāraṇā
| na ca-udake nir-īkṣeta svarūpam-iti dhāraṇā
38.
One should not step over a calf-rope, nor run during rainfall. One should not look at their reflection in water. This is the understanding.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not
- लङ्घयेत् (laṅghayet) - step over (should cross, should step over)
- वत्स (vatsa) - calf (calf, child)
- तन्त्रीम् (tantrīm) - rope (cord, rope, string)
- न (na) - nor (not)
- प्र (pra) - intensely (forth, forward, intensely)
- धावेत् (dhāvet) - run (should run)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- वर्षति (varṣati) - during rainfall (raining, in the rain)
- न (na) - nor (not)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- उदके (udake) - in water
- निर् (nir) - intently, carefully (out, down, without)
- ईक्षेत (īkṣeta) - look (should see, should look)
- स्वरूपम् (svarūpam) - one's own reflection (one's own form, shape, self)
- इति (iti) - thus (thus, so)
- धारणा (dhāraṇā) - understanding, belief (holding, retaining, concept, notion, belief)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates 'laṅghayet'.
लङ्घयेत् (laṅghayet) - step over (should cross, should step over)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhliṅg) of laṅgh
Root Verb
Root 'laṅgh' (to cross).
Root: laṅgh (class 1)
वत्स (vatsa) - calf (calf, child)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vatsa
vatsa - calf, child, young one
Note: Part of the compound 'vatsatantrīm'.
तन्त्रीम् (tantrīm) - rope (cord, rope, string)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tantrī
tantrī - string, cord, rope, lute
Note: Forms a compound 'vatsatantrīm' meaning 'calf-rope'.
न (na) - nor (not)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates 'dhāvet'.
प्र (pra) - intensely (forth, forward, intensely)
(indeclinable)
Note: Forms a compound with 'dhāvet'.
धावेत् (dhāvet) - run (should run)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhliṅg) of dhāv
Root Verb
Root 'dhāv' (to run).
Root: dhāv (class 1)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'laṅghayet' and 'dhāvet'.
वर्षति (varṣati) - during rainfall (raining, in the rain)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of varṣa
varṣa - rain, year
Note: Used adverbially to mean 'during the rain'.
न (na) - nor (not)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates 'īkṣeta'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'dhāvet' and 'īkṣeta'.
उदके (udake) - in water
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of udaka
udaka - water
Note: Specifies where one should not look.
निर् (nir) - intently, carefully (out, down, without)
(indeclinable)
Note: Forms a compound with 'īkṣeta'.
ईक्षेत (īkṣeta) - look (should see, should look)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhliṅg) of īkṣ
Root Verb
Root 'īkṣ' (to see).
Root: īkṣ (class 1)
स्वरूपम् (svarūpam) - one's own reflection (one's own form, shape, self)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of svarūpa
svarūpa - one's own form, proper form, true nature, self
compound of 'sva' (own) and 'rūpa' (form).
Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+rūpa)
- sva – own, self
pronoun (neuter) - rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
noun (neuter)
Note: In this context, it means 'reflection'.
इति (iti) - thus (thus, so)
(indeclinable)
Note: Indicates the preceding words are the definition or understanding.
धारणा (dhāraṇā) - understanding, belief (holding, retaining, concept, notion, belief)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of dhāraṇā
dhāraṇā - holding, retaining, support, concept, notion, belief, meditation
Abstract Noun
from √dhṛ (to hold, support) + suffix 'lyuṭ'.
Root: dhṛ (class 2)
Note: This is the subject of the sentence.