मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-120
नाधीयीताश्वमारूढो न वृक्षं न च हस्तिनम ।
न नावं न खरं नोष्ट्रं नैरिणस्थो न यानगः ॥१२०॥
न नावं न खरं नोष्ट्रं नैरिणस्थो न यानगः ॥१२०॥
120. nādhīyītāśvamārūḍho na vṛkṣaṁ na ca hastinam ,
na nāvaṁ na kharaṁ noṣṭraṁ nairiṇastho na yānagaḥ.
na nāvaṁ na kharaṁ noṣṭraṁ nairiṇastho na yānagaḥ.
120.
na adhīyīta aśvam ārūḍhaḥ na vṛkṣam na ca hastinam
na nāvam na kharam na uṣṭram na iṇasthaḥ na yānagaḥ
na nāvam na kharam na uṣṭram na iṇasthaḥ na yānagaḥ
120.
One should not study while mounted on a horse, nor in a tree, nor on an elephant. Not in a boat, nor on a donkey, nor on a camel. Not while standing on the ground, nor in a vehicle.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no
- अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - should study, should learn
- अश्वम् (aśvam) - while mounted on a horse (horse)
- आरूढः (ārūḍhaḥ) - having mounted (the horse) (mounted, ascended)
- न (na) - not, no
- वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - in a tree (while in it) (tree)
- न (na) - not, no
- च (ca) - and, also
- हस्तिनम् (hastinam) - on an elephant (while mounted) (elephant)
- न (na) - not, no
- नावम् (nāvam) - in a boat (boat)
- न (na) - not, no
- खरम् (kharam) - on a donkey (donkey)
- न (na) - not, no
- उष्ट्रम् (uṣṭram) - on a camel (camel)
- न (na) - not, no
- इणस्थः (iṇasthaḥ) - while standing on the ground (standing on the ground, one who is standing on the ground)
- न (na) - not, no
- यानगः (yānagaḥ) - while in a vehicle (one who goes in a vehicle, traveler in a vehicle)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - should study, should learn
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of adhīyīta
optative
From root i 'to go' with prefix adhi. Formed as a secondary optative (vidhiling).
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Prohibited by the preceding 'na'.
अश्वम् (aśvam) - while mounted on a horse (horse)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of aśva
aśva - horse
Note: Accusative case, functioning adverbially indicating the object of mounting.
आरूढः (ārūḍhaḥ) - having mounted (the horse) (mounted, ascended)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ārūḍha
ārūḍha - climbed, ascended, mounted
Past Passive Participle
from ā + rūḍh (root ruh 'to climb') + -ta suffix.
Prefix: ā
Root: ruh (class 1)
Note: Nominative masculine singular, referring to the implied subject of 'adhīyīta'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - in a tree (while in it) (tree)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa
vṛkṣa - tree
Note: Accusative case, functioning adverbially indicating location. Often used with 'adhi' implied, meaning 'in' or 'on'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
हस्तिनम् (hastinam) - on an elephant (while mounted) (elephant)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of hastin
hastin - elephant
Root: hasta
Note: Accusative case, functioning adverbially. Implies 'mounted on an elephant'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
नावम् (nāvam) - in a boat (boat)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of nāva
nāva - boat, ship
Note: Accusative case, functioning adverbially indicating location.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
खरम् (kharam) - on a donkey (donkey)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of khara
khara - donkey, ass
Note: Accusative case, functioning adverbially. Implies 'mounted on a donkey'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
उष्ट्रम् (uṣṭram) - on a camel (camel)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of uṣṭra
uṣṭra - camel
Note: Accusative case, functioning adverbially. Implies 'mounted on a camel'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
इणस्थः (iṇasthaḥ) - while standing on the ground (standing on the ground, one who is standing on the ground)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of iṇastha
iṇastha - standing on the ground
Compound of iṇa (ground) + stha (standing).
Compound type : tatpurusha (iṇa+stha)
- iṇa – ground, earth
noun (neuter) - stha – standing
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root sthā 'to stand' + -ta suffix. Functions as an adjective.
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Nominative masculine singular, referring to the implied subject of 'adhīyīta'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
यानगः (yānagaḥ) - while in a vehicle (one who goes in a vehicle, traveler in a vehicle)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yānaga
yānaga - one who travels in a vehicle, a passenger
Compound of yāna (vehicle, going) + ga (goer).
Compound type : tatpurusha (yāna+ga)
- yāna – vehicle, conveyance, going, moving
noun (neuter)
From root i 'to go' + suffix lyuṭ, with lengthening.
Prefix: vi
Root: i (class 2) - ga – goer, moving
noun (masculine)
suffix
From root gam 'to go'. Functions as a suffix indicating 'one who goes'.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Nominative masculine singular. Refers to the state of being in a vehicle.