मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-34
न सीदेत स्नातको विप्रः क्षुधा शक्तः कथं चन ।
न जीर्णमलवद्वासा भवेच्च विभवे सति ॥३४॥
न जीर्णमलवद्वासा भवेच्च विभवे सति ॥३४॥
34. na sīdet snātako vipraḥ kṣudhā śaktaḥ kathaṁ cana ,
na jīrṇamalavadvāsā bhavecca vibhave sati.
na jīrṇamalavadvāsā bhavecca vibhave sati.
34.
na sīdet snātako vipraḥ kṣudhā śaktaḥ kathaṃ cana
na jīrṇa malavad vāsaḥ bhavet ca vibhavē sati
na jīrṇa malavad vāsaḥ bhavet ca vibhavē sati
34.
A learned Brahmin student (snātaka) should not suffer from hunger, if he is capable in any way. And if he has wealth, he should not wear old, dirty clothes.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not
- सीदेत् (sīdet) - should suffer (should suffer, should decline, should languish)
- स्नातकः (snātakaḥ) - a student (a student who has completed his studies and undergone ceremonial bathing)
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, learned man)
- क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - from hunger (by hunger, from hunger)
- शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable (able, capable, powerful)
- कथं (kathaṁ) - in any way (how, in what way)
- चन (cana) - at all (even, at all)
- न (na) - not
- जीर्ण (jīrṇa) - old (old, worn out, rotten, decayed)
- मलवद् (malavad) - dirty (dirty, filthy, impure)
- वासः (vāsaḥ) - clothes (clothing, garment)
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be)
- च (ca) - and
- विभवे (vibhavē) - in wealth (in wealth, in prosperity)
- सति (sati) - if he has (being present, existing)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
सीदेत् (sīdet) - should suffer (should suffer, should decline, should languish)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of sid
Root verb
class 2. Used here in the sense of suffering or languishing.
Root: sid (class 2)
स्नातकः (snātakaḥ) - a student (a student who has completed his studies and undergone ceremonial bathing)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of snātaka
snātaka - a student who has completed his studies and undergone ceremonial bathing; an educated person
Secondary derivation
derived from snāta (one who has bathed), referring to the completion of Brahmacarya (celibate student life) and the subsequent ceremonial bath.
Root: snā (class 4)
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, learned man)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - Brahmin, priest, learned man, wise
Secondary derivation
from the root √vip (to move quickly, to tremble) or related to wisdom.
क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - from hunger (by hunger, from hunger)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudh
kṣudh - hunger, starvation
शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable (able, capable, powerful)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta
śakta - able, capable, powerful, strong
Past Passive Participle
from the root √śak (to be able, to be capable).
Root: śak (class 1)
कथं (kathaṁ) - in any way (how, in what way)
(indeclinable)
चन (cana) - at all (even, at all)
(indeclinable)
Often used with na or ca for emphasis.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
जीर्ण (jīrṇa) - old (old, worn out, rotten, decayed)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jīrṇa
jīrṇa - old, worn out, decayed, rotten
Past Passive Participle
from the root √jṛ (to grow old, to decay).
Root: jṛ (class 6)
मलवद् (malavad) - dirty (dirty, filthy, impure)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of malavat
malavat - dirty, filthy, impure, containing dirt
derived from mala (dirt, impurity) + vat (possessing suffix).
वासः (vāsaḥ) - clothes (clothing, garment)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsa
vāsa - clothing, garment, dwelling, residence
from the root √vas (to dwell, to wear).
Root: vas (class 2)
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Root verb
class 1. Forms various tenses and moods.
Root: bhū (class 1)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
विभवे (vibhavē) - in wealth (in wealth, in prosperity)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of vibhava
vibhava - wealth, prosperity, power, splendor
from prefix vi- (intensifying) + √bhū (to be, to become).
Prefix: vi
Root: bhū (class 1)
सति (sati) - if he has (being present, existing)
(participle)
Locative, masculine, singular of sat
sat - being, existing, real, true, good, having
Present Participle
from the root √as (to be) or √bhū (to be), often used as a verb in locative absolute constructions.
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Functions as an indeclinable in the locative absolute construction.