मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-140
नातिकल्यं नातिसायं नातिमध्यंदिने स्थिते ।
नाज्ञातेन समं गच्छेन्नैको न वृषलैः सह ॥१४०॥
नाज्ञातेन समं गच्छेन्नैको न वृषलैः सह ॥१४०॥
140. nātikalyaṁ nātisāyaṁ nātimadhyaṁdine sthite ,
nājñātena samaṁ gacchennaiko na vṛṣalaiḥ saha.
nājñātena samaṁ gacchennaiko na vṛṣalaiḥ saha.
140.
nātikalyam nātisāyaṃ nātimadhyandine sthite
nājñātena samaṃ gacchennai ko na vṛṣalaiḥ saha
nājñātena samaṃ gacchennai ko na vṛṣalaiḥ saha
140.
nātikalyam nātisāyaṃ nātimadhyandine sthite
eko na nājñātena samaṃ na vṛṣalaiḥ saha gacche
eko na nājñātena samaṃ na vṛṣalaiḥ saha gacche
140.
One should not travel too early, too late, or when it is midday. One should not go with an unknown person, alone, or with those considered outcasts (vṛṣala).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- नातिकल्यम् (nātikalyam) - not too early
- नातिसायं (nātisāyaṁ) - not too late in the evening
- नातिमध्यन्दिने (nātimadhyandine) - not at midday
- स्थिते (sthite) - when it is, when located
- ना (nā) - not
- अज्ञातेन (ajñātena) - by an unknown person
- समं (samaṁ) - together, with
- गच्छेत् (gacchet) - should go
- एको (eko) - alone, one
- न (na) - not
- वृषलैः (vṛṣalaiḥ) - with outcasts, with low-caste people
- सह (saha) - with
Words meanings and morphology
नातिकल्यम् (nātikalyam) - not too early
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of atikalya
atikalya - too early
compound of ati + kalya
Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+kalya)
- ati – very, excessively, beyond
prefix - kalya – early, timely, auspicious
adjective (neuter)
Note: negated by 'na'.
नातिसायं (nātisāyaṁ) - not too late in the evening
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of atisāya
atisāya - late evening, dusk
compound of ati + saya
Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+sāya)
- ati – very, excessively, beyond
prefix - sāya – evening, dusk
noun (masculine)
Note: negated by 'na'.
नातिमध्यन्दिने (nātimadhyandine) - not at midday
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of atimadhyandina
atimadhyandina - midday, noon
compound of ati + madhyandina
Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+madhyandina)
- ati – very, excessively, beyond
prefix - madhyandina – midday, noon
noun (neuter)
compound of madhya + dina
Note: negated by 'na'.
स्थिते (sthite) - when it is, when located
(verb)
active, present (laṭ) of sthā
1st conjugation verb
Root: sthā. Class: 1. Root meaning: to stand.
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Implies a state or condition of time.
ना (nā) - not
(indeclinable)
अज्ञातेन (ajñātena) - by an unknown person
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of ajñāta
ajñāta - unknown, not known
Past Passive Participle
from a + jñā (to know). The negation 'a-' is added.
Prefix: a
Root: jñā (class 2)
समं (samaṁ) - together, with
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sama
sama - equal, same, together, with
Note: used adverbially here, often with 'saha' or implied.
गच्छेत् (gacchet) - should go
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam
1st conjugation verb
Root: gam. Class: 1. Root meaning: to go.
Root: gam (class 1)
एको (eko) - alone, one
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of eka
eka - one, alone, single
Note: Here used to mean 'alone'.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
वृषलैः (vṛṣalaiḥ) - with outcasts, with low-caste people
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of vṛṣala
vṛṣala - a man of low caste, an outcaste, a barbarian, a Sudra
सह (saha) - with
(indeclinable)