मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-253
आर्धिकः कुलमित्रं च गोपालो दासनापितौ ।
एते शूद्रेषु भोज्यान्ना याश्चात्मानं निवेदयेत ॥२५३॥
एते शूद्रेषु भोज्यान्ना याश्चात्मानं निवेदयेत ॥२५३॥
253. ārdhikaḥ kulamitraṁ ca gopālo dāsanāpitau ,
ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāścātmānaṁ nivedayet.
ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāścātmānaṁ nivedayet.
253.
ārdhikaḥ kulamitraṁ ca gopālaḥ dāsanāpitau
ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāś ca ātmānaṁ nivedayet
ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāś ca ātmānaṁ nivedayet
253.
ca ārdhikaḥ kulamitraḥ gopālaḥ dāsanāpitau
ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāḥ ātmānaṁ ca nivedayet
ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāḥ ātmānaṁ ca nivedayet
253.
The ardhika (money-lender), the kulamitra (friend of the family), the gopala (cowherd), the dasa (servant), and the napita (barber)—these, when they are among śūdras (laborers/servants), are to be fed. One should also feed anyone who dedicates himself (ātmānam).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- आर्धिकः (ārdhikaḥ) - money-lender (money-lender, usurer)
- कुलमित्रं (kulamitraṁ) - friend of the family
- च (ca) - and (and, also, too)
- गोपालः (gopālaḥ) - cowherd (cowherd, a name for Krishna)
- दासनापितौ (dāsanāpitau) - servant and barber
- एते (ete) - these
- शूद्रेषु (śūdreṣu) - among laborers (among śūdras, among laborers)
- भोज्यान्ना (bhojyānnā) - food to be eaten (food to be eaten, edible food)
- याश् (yāś) - whoever (whoever, any)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, too)
- आत्मानं (ātmānaṁ) - himself (self, soul, mind, body)
- निवेदयेत् (nivedayet) - should dedicate (should offer, should present, should dedicate)
Words meanings and morphology
आर्धिकः (ārdhikaḥ) - money-lender (money-lender, usurer)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ārdhika
ārdhika - a money-lender, a usurer
derived from ardha 'half' + ika suffix
कुलमित्रं (kulamitraṁ) - friend of the family
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kulamitra
kulamitra - a friend of the family
compound of kula 'family' and mitra 'friend'
Compound type : tatpurusha (kula+mitra)
- kula – family, clan, lineage, race
noun (neuter) - mitra – friend, ally, companion
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and (and, also, too)
(indeclinable)
गोपालः (gopālaḥ) - cowherd (cowherd, a name for Krishna)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of gopāla
gopāla - a cowherd, protector of cows, a name for Krishna
compound of go 'cow' and pala 'protector'
Compound type : tatpurusha (go+pāla)
- go – cow, bull, ox, Earth, speech, ray of light
noun (feminine) - pāla – protector, keeper, guardian
noun (masculine)
from the root pā 'to protect' + suffix a
Root: pa (class 1)
दासनापितौ (dāsanāpitau) - servant and barber
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of dāsanāpita
dāsanāpita - a servant and barber (often refers to specific castes or professions)
compound of dāsa 'servant' and nāpita 'barber'
Compound type : dvandva (dāsa+nāpita)
- dāsa – servant, slave, worshipper
noun (masculine) - nāpita – barber, hairdresser
noun (masculine)
एते (ete) - these
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, that (near)
शूद्रेषु (śūdreṣu) - among laborers (among śūdras, among laborers)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of śūdra
śūdra - a laborer, a servant, the fourth caste
भोज्यान्ना (bhojyānnā) - food to be eaten (food to be eaten, edible food)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bhojyānna
bhojyānna - food to be eaten, edible food
compound of bhojya 'edible' and anna 'food'
Compound type : tatpurusha (bhojya+anna)
- bhojya – edible, to be eaten, to be enjoyed
adjective (masculine)
Gerundive
from the root bhuj 'to eat, to enjoy' + ya suffix
Root: bhuj (class 1) - anna – food, grain, rice
noun (neuter)
Note: Here implies 'food' for them to eat.
याश् (yāś) - whoever (whoever, any)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of yā
yā - who, which, what
च (ca) - and (and, also, too)
(indeclinable)
आत्मानं (ātmānaṁ) - himself (self, soul, mind, body)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, mind, body, spirit
निवेदयेत् (nivedayet) - should dedicate (should offer, should present, should dedicate)
(verb)
3rd person , active, Potential Optative (vidhiliṅ) of niveday
Causative/Desiderative
Causative of root ni-√vidā 'to know, to discern', with prefix ni-. Means to cause to know, inform, dedicate.
Prefix: ni
Root: vidā (class 4)
Note: Potential mood indicates what should or ought to be done.