मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-104
एतांस्त्वभ्युदितान विद्याद यदा प्रादुष्कृताग्निषु ।
तदा विद्यादनध्यायमनृतौ चाभ्रदर्शने ॥१०४॥
तदा विद्यादनध्यायमनृतौ चाभ्रदर्शने ॥१०४॥
104. etāṁstvabhyuditān vidyād yadā prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu ,
tadā vidyādanadhyāyamanṛtau cābhradarśane.
tadā vidyādanadhyāyamanṛtau cābhradarśane.
104.
etāṃs tva abhyuditān vidyād yadā prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu
tadā vidyād anadhyāyam anṛtau ca abhradarśane
tadā vidyād anadhyāyam anṛtau ca abhradarśane
104.
yadā prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu etān tva abhyuditān vidyād,
tadā anṛtau ca abhradarśane anadhyāyam vidyād
tadā anṛtau ca abhradarśane anadhyāyam vidyād
104.
One should know these (phenomena) to be (causes for unscheduled study) when fires have been kindled. Then one should know there is unscheduled study time during the non-season and when clouds are seen.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एतान् (etān) - these (phenomena) (these)
- त्व् (tv) - indeed (and, indeed)
- अभ्युदितान् (abhyuditān) - manifested (risen, appeared, manifested)
- विद्याद् (vidyād) - should know (should know, should understand)
- यदा (yadā) - when
- प्रादुष्कृताग्निषु (prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu) - when fires have been kindled (in fires that have been kindled, in fires that are lit)
- तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)
- विद्याद् (vidyād) - should know (should know, should understand)
- अनध्यायम् (anadhyāyam) - unscheduled study time (cessation of study, a period of not studying)
- अनृतौ (anṛtau) - during the non-season (out of season, not in the proper season)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अभ्रदर्शने (abhradarśane) - when clouds are seen (in the sight of clouds, when clouds are seen)
Words meanings and morphology
एतान् (etān) - these (phenomena) (these)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, that, he, she, it
Note: referring to the phenomena mentioned previously or implicitly understood.
त्व् (tv) - indeed (and, indeed)
(indeclinable)
अभ्युदितान् (abhyuditān) - manifested (risen, appeared, manifested)
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, plural of abhyudita
abhyudita - risen, appeared, manifested
Past Passive Participle
from root 'ud' (to rise) with prefix 'abhi' (towards, over)
Prefix: abhi
Root: ud (class 2)
Note: modifies 'etān'
विद्याद् (vidyād) - should know (should know, should understand)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (liṅ) of vid
Root class 4. Several meanings depending on context.
Root: vid (class 4)
यदा (yadā) - when
(indeclinable)
correlative of 'tadā'
प्रादुष्कृताग्निषु (prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu) - when fires have been kindled (in fires that have been kindled, in fires that are lit)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of prāduṣkṛtāgni
prāduṣkṛtāgni - fire that has been kindled
compound: prādus (openly, in front) + kṛta (done, made) + agni (fire). The 'kṛta' here implies 'kindled' or 'made to appear'.
Compound type : tatpurusha (prādus+kṛta+agni)
- prādus – openly, publicly, in front, manifest
indeclinable - kṛta – done, made, caused
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root 'kṛ' (to do, to make)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - agni – fire, sacrificial fire
noun (masculine)
तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)
(indeclinable)
correlative of 'yadā'
विद्याद् (vidyād) - should know (should know, should understand)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (liṅ) of vid
Root class 4. Several meanings depending on context.
Root: vid (class 4)
अनध्यायम् (anadhyāyam) - unscheduled study time (cessation of study, a period of not studying)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of anadhyāya
anadhyāya - cessation of study, period of not studying
negated form of 'adhyāya' (study) with prefix 'an-'
अनृतौ (anṛtau) - during the non-season (out of season, not in the proper season)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of anṛta
anṛta - not seasonal, out of season, false, untrue
negated form of 'ṛta' (season, order, truth) with prefix 'an-'
Note: modifies 'abhradarśane'
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
अभ्रदर्शने (abhradarśane) - when clouds are seen (in the sight of clouds, when clouds are seen)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of abhradarśana
abhradarśana - sight of clouds, appearance of clouds
compound: abhra (cloud) + darśana (seeing, sight).
Compound type : tatpurusha (abhra+darśana)
- abhra – cloud, sky, vapour
noun (neuter) - darśana – seeing, sight, view, appearance
noun (neuter)
from root 'dṛś' (to see)
Root: dṛś (class 10)