मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-68
विनीतैस्तु व्रजेन्नित्यमाशुगैर्लक्षणान्वितैः ।
वर्णरूपोपसंपन्नैः प्रतोदेनातुदन भृशम ॥६८॥
वर्णरूपोपसंपन्नैः प्रतोदेनातुदन भृशम ॥६८॥
68. vinītaistu vrajennityamāśugairlakṣaṇānvitaiḥ ,
varṇarūpopasaṁpannaiḥ pratodenātudan bhṛśam.
varṇarūpopasaṁpannaiḥ pratodenātudan bhṛśam.
68.
vinītaiḥ tu vrajet nityam āśugaiḥ lakṣaṇānvitaḥ
varṇarūpopasaṃpannaḥ pratodena atudan bhr̥śam
varṇarūpopasaṃpannaḥ pratodena atudan bhr̥śam
68.
tu vinītaiḥ lakṣaṇānvitaḥ varṇarūpopasaṃpannaḥ
āśugaiḥ pratodena bhr̥śam atudan nityam vrajet
āśugaiḥ pratodena bhr̥śam atudan nityam vrajet
68.
However, one should always travel with the trained, swift, and well-marked ones, those endowed with good color and form, by urging them with a goad vigorously.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विनीतैः (vinītaiḥ) - trained (trained, disciplined, polite)
- तु (tu) - however (but, and, however)
- व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should travel (should go, should travel, should move)
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternally)
- आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - swift (swift, fast, quick)
- लक्षणान्वितः (lakṣaṇānvitaḥ) - well-marked (endowed with marks, distinguished by characteristics)
- वर्णरूपोपसंपन्नः (varṇarūpopasaṁpannaḥ) - those endowed with good color and form (endowed with color and form)
- प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - with a goad (by a goad, by a spur)
- अतुदन् (atudan) - urging (urging, striking, driving)
- भ्र्̥शम् (bhr̥śam) - vigorously (greatly, intensely, strongly)
Words meanings and morphology
विनीतैः (vinītaiḥ) - trained (trained, disciplined, polite)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of vinīta
vinīta - trained, disciplined, polite
Past Passive Participle
from the root ni 'to lead' + vi- 'apart' + -kta suffix
Prefix: vi
Root: ni (class 1)
तु (tu) - however (but, and, however)
(indeclinable)
व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should travel (should go, should travel, should move)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vraja
Imperative
Root class 1.1044
Root: vraja (class 1)
नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternally)
(indeclinable)
from the root ni 'to go' + -tya suffix, indicating something that does not go away.
Prefix: ni
Root: ni (class 1)
आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - swift (swift, fast, quick)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśuga
āśuga - swift, fast, quick
from the root aśu 'swift' + -ga suffix (meaning 'going')
Root: aśu
लक्षणान्वितः (lakṣaṇānvitaḥ) - well-marked (endowed with marks, distinguished by characteristics)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of lakṣaṇānvita
lakṣaṇānvita - endowed with marks, distinguished by characteristics
Past Passive Participle
compound of lakṣaṇa (mark, characteristic) + anvita (endowed with)
Compound type : tatpurusha (lakṣaṇa+anvita)
- lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, symptom
noun (neuter) - anvita – endowed with, accompanied by, connected with
adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from the root ni 'to lead' + anu 'along' + -kta suffix
Prefix: anu
Root: ni (class 1)
वर्णरूपोपसंपन्नः (varṇarūpopasaṁpannaḥ) - those endowed with good color and form (endowed with color and form)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of varṇarūpopasaṃpanna
varṇarūpopasaṁpanna - endowed with color and form
Past Passive Participle
compound of varṇa (color) + rūpa (form) + upasaṃpanna (endowed with)
Compound type : tatpurusha (varṇa+rūpa+upasaṃpanna)
- varṇa – color, hue, appearance, caste
noun (masculine) - rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
noun (neuter) - upasaṃpanna – accomplished, endowed with, possessed of, arrived at
adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from the root pad 'to fall, go' + upa- 'towards' + sam- 'together' + -kta suffix
Prefixes: upa+sam
Root: pad (class 1)
प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - with a goad (by a goad, by a spur)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of pratoda
pratoda - goad, spur, whip
from the root tud 'to prick, urge' + pra- 'forward' + -ka suffix
Prefix: pra
Root: tud (class 4)
अतुदन् (atudan) - urging (urging, striking, driving)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of atuda
atuda - urging, striking, driving
Present Active Participle
from the root tud 'to prick, urge' + a- 'towards' + -ana suffix
Prefix: a
Root: tud (class 4)
भ्र्̥शम् (bhr̥śam) - vigorously (greatly, intensely, strongly)
(indeclinable)