मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-135
क्षत्रियं चैव सर्पं च ब्राह्मणं च बहुश्रुतम ।
नावमन्येत वै भूष्णुः कृशानपि कदा चन ॥१३५॥
नावमन्येत वै भूष्णुः कृशानपि कदा चन ॥१३५॥
135. kṣatriyaṁ caiva sarpaṁ ca brāhmaṇaṁ ca bahuśrutam ,
nāvamanyeta vai bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana.
nāvamanyeta vai bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana.
135.
kṣatriyam caiva sarpam ca brāhmaṇam ca bahuśrutam
| nāvamanyeta vai bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana
| nāvamanyeta vai bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana
135.
kṣatriyam caiva sarpam ca brāhmaṇam ca bahuśrutam
bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana nāvamanyeta vai
bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana nāvamanyeta vai
135.
One should never disrespect a kshatriya, a snake, or a highly learned brahmin, even if they are weak or seem insignificant at any time.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - a member of the warrior caste (a kshatriya, warrior)
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - indeed, also
- सर्पम् (sarpam) - a snake
- च (ca) - and
- ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin
- च (ca) - and
- बहुश्रुतम् (bahuśrutam) - one who has heard much, learned (highly learned, well-versed)
- न (na) - not
- अवमन्येत (avamanyeta) - should disrespect, should despise
- वै (vai) - indeed, certainly
- भूष्णुः (bhūṣṇuḥ) - possessing strength, capable (powerful, strong, capable)
- कृशानपि (kṛśānapi) - even if physically weak (even though thin or weak)
- कदा (kadā) - when, at any time
- चन (cana) - ever, at all
Words meanings and morphology
क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - a member of the warrior caste (a kshatriya, warrior)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a kshatriya, warrior, ruler
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, also
(indeclinable)
सर्पम् (sarpam) - a snake
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sarpa
sarpa - snake
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a priest
derived from brahman (neuter noun)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
बहुश्रुतम् (bahuśrutam) - one who has heard much, learned (highly learned, well-versed)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of bahuśruta
bahuśruta - highly learned, well-versed in scripture
compound of bahu (much) and śruta (heard)
Compound type : tatpurusha (bahu+śruta)
- bahu – much, many
adjective (neuter) - śruta – heard, learned, Veda
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from root śru (to hear)
Root: śru (class 1)
Note: used here as a noun referring to a learned person
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
अवमन्येत (avamanyeta) - should disrespect, should despise
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential optative (vidhiliṅ) of avama√ni
Potential Optative
causative
Prefixes: ava+pra
Root: √ni (class 1)
वै (vai) - indeed, certainly
(indeclinable)
भूष्णुः (bhūṣṇuḥ) - possessing strength, capable (powerful, strong, capable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūṣṇu
bhūṣṇu - powerful, strong, capable, prosperous
derived from the root 'bhū' (to be, to exist) with suffix 'ṣṇu'
Root: √bhū (class 1)
Note: This adjective describes the person who might be disrespected.
कृशानपि (kṛśānapi) - even if physically weak (even though thin or weak)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛśa
kṛśa - thin, lean, weak, small
Note: The suffix 'api' means 'even' or 'also'.
कदा (kadā) - when, at any time
(indeclinable)
चन (cana) - ever, at all
(indeclinable)