मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-115
पांसुवर्षे दिशां दाहे गोमायुविरुते तथा ।
श्वखरोष्ट्रे च रुवति पङ्क्तो च न पठेद द्विजः ॥११५॥
श्वखरोष्ट्रे च रुवति पङ्क्तो च न पठेद द्विजः ॥११५॥
115. pāṁsuvarṣe diśāṁ dāhe gomāyuvirute tathā ,
śvakharoṣṭre ca ruvati paṅkto ca na paṭhed dvijaḥ.
śvakharoṣṭre ca ruvati paṅkto ca na paṭhed dvijaḥ.
115.
pāṃsuvarṣe diśāṃ dāhe gomāyuvirute tathā |
śvakharoṣṭre ca ruvati paṅkto ca na paṭhed dvijaḥ
śvakharoṣṭre ca ruvati paṅkto ca na paṭhed dvijaḥ
115.
A twice-born (dvija) should not study during a rain of dust, when directions are burning, when jackals cry, or when dogs, donkeys, or camels bray, and when owls hoot. He should also not study if he is in a row or line.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पांसुवर्षे (pāṁsuvarṣe) - during a rain of dust
- दिशां (diśāṁ) - of the directions
- दाहे (dāhe) - when the directions are burning (in burning)
- गोमायुविरुते (gomāyuvirute) - in the crying of jackals
- तथा (tathā) - also (and so, and thus, also)
- श्व (śva) - dog
- उख (ukha) - donkey
- र (ra) - donkey (alternative)
- उष्ट्रे (uṣṭre) - camel
- च (ca) - and, also
- रुवति (ruvati) - crying, braying
- पङ्क्तो (paṅkto) - in a row or line (in a row, in a line)
- च (ca) - and, also
- न (na) - not
- पठेत् (paṭhet) - should study (should read, should study)
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (person) (twice-born person)
Words meanings and morphology
पांसुवर्षे (pāṁsuvarṣe) - during a rain of dust
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of pāṃsuvarṣa
pāṁsuvarṣa - shower of dust
Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṃsu+varṣa)
- pāṃsu – dust, powder
noun (masculine) - varṣa – rain, shower, year
noun (masculine)
Root: vṛṣ (class 4)
Note: locative case indicating time
दिशां (diśāṁ) - of the directions
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of diś
diś - direction, quarter
Note: genitive case indicating relation
दाहे (dāhe) - when the directions are burning (in burning)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of dāha
dāha - burning, inflammation
gerund
from root dah (to burn)
Root: dah (class 2)
Note: locative case indicating time or circumstance
गोमायुविरुते (gomāyuvirute) - in the crying of jackals
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of gomāyuviruta
gomāyuviruta - cry of jackals
Compound type : tatpurusha (gomāyu+viruta)
- gomāyu – jackal
noun (masculine) - viruta – sound, cry, noise
noun (neuter)
past passive participle
from root ru (to cry, sound)
Root: ru (class 1)
Note: locative case indicating time or circumstance
तथा (tathā) - also (and so, and thus, also)
(indeclinable)
tad + thā
श्व (śva) - dog
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan
śvan - dog
उख (ukha) - donkey
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ukha
ukha - donkey, ass
र (ra) - donkey (alternative)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ra
ra - donkey, ass
Note: variant of ukha, likely used for meter
उष्ट्रे (uṣṭre) - camel
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of uṣṭra
uṣṭra - camel
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
रुवति (ruvati) - crying, braying
(verb)
active, present (laṭ) of ru
present participle
root class 1
Root: ru (class 1)
Note: active present participle used adjectivally or adverbially with the preceding nouns
पङ्क्तो (paṅkto) - in a row or line (in a row, in a line)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of paṅkti
paṅkti - row, line, series
Note: locative case indicating place or circumstance
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
पठेत् (paṭhet) - should study (should read, should study)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (liṅ) of paṭh
indicative
root class 10
Root: paṭh (class 10)
Note: optative mood, indicating what ought to be done
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (person) (twice-born person)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth
past passive participle
from root jan (to be born) with prefix dvi (twice)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+janman)
- dvi – two, twice
indeclinable - jan – to be born, to produce
verb (neuter)
past passive participle
root class 4, primary suffix -a
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of the verb 'paṭhet'