मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-54
अधस्तान्नोपदध्याच्च न चैनमभिलङ्घयेत ।
न चैनं पादतः कुर्यान्न प्राणाबाधमाचरेत ॥५४॥
न चैनं पादतः कुर्यान्न प्राणाबाधमाचरेत ॥५४॥
54. adhastānnopadadhyācca na cainamabhilaṅghayet ,
na cainaṁ pādataḥ kuryānna prāṇābādhamācaret.
na cainaṁ pādataḥ kuryānna prāṇābādhamācaret.
54.
adhastānnopadadhyācca na cainamabhilaṅghayēta
na cainaṃ pāditaḥ kuryānn prāṇābādham ācharēta
na cainaṃ pāditaḥ kuryānn prāṇābādham ācharēta
54.
One should not place anything below it (the fire), nor step over it. One should not make it lower than oneself (by placing feet on it), nor create danger to life (by disrespecting it).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - below (below, underneath)
- न (na) - not
- उपदध्यात् (upadadhyāt) - should place
- च (ca) - and
- च (ca) - nor (and)
- एनम् (enam) - it (referring to fire) (him, it)
- अभिलङ्घयेत (abhilaṅghayēta) - should step over
- न (na) - nor (not)
- च (ca) - nor (and)
- एनम् (enam) - it (referring to fire) (him, it)
- पादितः (pāditaḥ) - lower than oneself (by placing feet) (made by foot, having feet)
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should make (should do, may do)
- न्न् (nn) - nor (not)
- प्राणाबाधम् (prāṇābādham) - danger to life
- आछरेत (ācharēta) - should create (danger) (should practice, should do)
Words meanings and morphology
अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - below (below, underneath)
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
उपदध्यात् (upadadhyāt) - should place
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upadhā
from root dhā (to place, to put) with prefix upa (near, under)
Prefix: upa
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: sandhi with preceding 'a'
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - nor (and)
(indeclinable)
Note: This 'ca' seems to be used in a negative context here, reinforcing the negation. It is often translated as 'nor' when following 'na'.
एनम् (enam) - it (referring to fire) (him, it)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of enad
enad - it, this (demonstrative pronoun, neuter)
अभिलङ्घयेत (abhilaṅghayēta) - should step over
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of abhilaṅgh
from root laṅgh (to go, to pass) with prefix abhi (towards, over)
Prefix: abhi
Root: laṅgh (class 1)
न (na) - nor (not)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - nor (and)
(indeclinable)
Note: This 'ca' seems to be used in a negative context here, reinforcing the negation. It is often translated as 'nor' when following 'na'.
एनम् (enam) - it (referring to fire) (him, it)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of enad
enad - it, this (demonstrative pronoun, neuter)
पादितः (pāditaḥ) - lower than oneself (by placing feet) (made by foot, having feet)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pādita
pādita - caused, made, subjected to, fallen
Past Passive Participle
from root pad (to fall) or from pāda (foot)
Root: pad (class 4)
Note: This word is ambiguous. If derived from 'pāda' (foot), it might mean 'related to feet'. Combined with 'kuryāt' (should do), it implies 'should not make it lower by feet' or 'should not treat it with feet'.
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should make (should do, may do)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 3)
न्न् (nn) - nor (not)
(indeclinable)
Note: This 'na' is a repetition for emphasis, and due to sandhi with the following word 'prāṇābādham'.
प्राणाबाधम् (prāṇābādham) - danger to life
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of prāṇābādha
prāṇābādha - hindrance to life, danger to life
compound of prāṇa (life) and ābādha (hindrance, suffering)
Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+ābādha)
- prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
noun (masculine) - ābādha – hindrance, obstruction, distress, suffering
noun (masculine)
आछरेत (ācharēta) - should create (danger) (should practice, should do)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āchar
from root char (to move, to go) with prefix ā (towards, to)
Prefix: ā
Root: char (class 1)