मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-1
चतुर्थमायुषो भागमुषित्वाऽद्यं गुरौ द्विजाः ।
द्वितीयमायुषो भागं कृतदारो गृहे वसेत ॥१॥
द्वितीयमायुषो भागं कृतदारो गृहे वसेत ॥१॥
1. caturthamāyuṣo bhāgamuṣitvā'dyaṁ gurau dvijāḥ ,
dvitīyamāyuṣo bhāgaṁ kṛtadāro gṛhe vaset.
dvitīyamāyuṣo bhāgaṁ kṛtadāro gṛhe vaset.
1.
caturthamāyuṣo bhāgamusiṭvā'dyaṁ gurau dvijāḥ
| dvitīyamāyuṣo bhāgaṁ kṛtadāro gṛhe vaseta
| dvitīyamāyuṣo bhāgaṁ kṛtadāro gṛhe vaseta
1.
After having lived the first quarter of one's life with a teacher (guru), the twice-born (dvija) should then, having established a family, live the second quarter of life at home.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - the fourth part (fourth)
- आयुषो (āyuṣo) - of one's life (of life, of lifespan)
- भागं (bhāgaṁ) - portion, segment (part, share, portion)
- उसिट्वा (usiṭvā) - having resided, having lived (in the period of study) (having lived, having resided)
- &#०३९;द्यं ('dyaṁ) - the first (first)
- गुरौ (gurau) - with the teacher, under the guidance of the teacher (in the teacher, with the teacher)
- द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - the twice-born (individuals) (twice-born)
- द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - the second part (second)
- आयुषो (āyuṣo) - of one's life (of life, of lifespan)
- भागं (bhāgaṁ) - portion, segment (part, share, portion)
- कृतदारः (kṛtadāraḥ) - having established a household (by marrying) (one who has made a wife, one who is married)
- गृहे (gṛhe) - at home, in the domestic sphere (in the house, at home)
- वसेत (vaseta) - should live, should reside (at home) (should live, should dwell)
Words meanings and morphology
चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - the fourth part (fourth)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of caturtha
caturtha - fourth
Note: Modifies 'bhāgam', functioning as a noun.
आयुषो (āyuṣo) - of one's life (of life, of lifespan)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of āyuṣ
āyuṣ - life, lifespan, age
भागं (bhāgaṁ) - portion, segment (part, share, portion)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāga
bhāga - part, share, portion, lot, destiny
उसिट्वा (usiṭvā) - having resided, having lived (in the period of study) (having lived, having resided)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive
Root ~vas~ 'to dwell'. Absolutive form of the causative or a derived form.
Root: vas (class 2)
Note: Absolutive (gerund) form. The initial 'u' instead of 'va' is a variation in some forms derived from ~vas~.
&#०३९;द्यं ('dyaṁ) - the first (first)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of adya
adya - first, beginning
Note: Modifies 'bhāgam', functioning as a noun.
गुरौ (gurau) - with the teacher, under the guidance of the teacher (in the teacher, with the teacher)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important
Note: Locative case, used here to indicate the sphere of residence/study.
द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - the twice-born (individuals) (twice-born)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija
dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya)
Literally 'born twice'. Refers to those who undergo the sacred thread ceremony.
द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - the second part (second)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dvitīya
dvitīya - second
Note: Modifies 'bhāgaṁ', functioning as a noun.
आयुषो (āyuṣo) - of one's life (of life, of lifespan)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of āyuṣ
āyuṣ - life, lifespan, age
भागं (bhāgaṁ) - portion, segment (part, share, portion)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāga
bhāga - part, share, portion, lot, destiny
कृतदारः (kṛtadāraḥ) - having established a household (by marrying) (one who has made a wife, one who is married)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtadāra
kṛtadāra - one who has acquired a wife, married man
Past Passive Participle
Compound of kṛta (past passive participle of ~kṛ~ 'to do, make') + dāra 'wife'.
Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+dāra)
- kṛta – done, made, performed, accomplished
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root ~kṛ~ 'to do, make'.
Root: kṛ (class 8) - dāra – wife
noun (masculine)
गृहे (gṛhe) - at home, in the domestic sphere (in the house, at home)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha
gṛha - house, home, dwelling
वसेत (vaseta) - should live, should reside (at home) (should live, should dwell)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of vas
Root: vas (class 2)
Note: Potential mood, third person singular.