मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-259
एषौदिता गृहस्थस्य वृत्तिर्विप्रस्य शाश्वती ।
स्नातकव्रतकल्पश्च सत्त्ववृद्धिकरः शुभः ॥२५९॥
स्नातकव्रतकल्पश्च सत्त्ववृद्धिकरः शुभः ॥२५९॥
259. eṣauditā gṛhasthasya vṛttirviprasya śāśvatī ,
snātakavratakalpaśca sattvavṛddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ.
snātakavratakalpaśca sattvavṛddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ.
259.
eṣā uditā gṛhasthasya vṛttir viprasya śāśvatī
snātakavratakalpaś ca sattvavr̥ddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ
snātakavratakalpaś ca sattvavr̥ddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ
259.
eṣā viprasya gṛhasthasya śāśvatī vṛttiḥ uditā
ca snātakavratakalpaḥ sattvavr̥ddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ
ca snātakavratakalpaḥ sattvavr̥ddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ
259.
This is the prescribed way of life for a householder, and the eternal path for a Brahmin. It is also a practice for a student observing vows, conducive to the growth of good qualities, and auspicious.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एषा (eṣā) - this
- उदिता (uditā) - prescribed (proclaimed, declared, risen)
- गृहस्थस्य (gṛhasthasya) - for a householder (of the householder)
- वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - way of life (mode of living, conduct, livelihood)
- विप्रस्य (viprasya) - for a Brahmin (of the Brahmin)
- शाश्वती (śāśvatī) - eternal (eternal, permanent)
- च (ca) - and
- स्नातकव्रतकल्पः (snātakavratakalpaḥ) - a practice for a student observing vows (a practice for a student who has completed his studies)
- सत्त्वव्र्̥द्धिकरः (sattvavr̥ddhikaraḥ) - conducive to the growth of good qualities (causing increase of good qualities)
- शुभः (śubhaḥ) - auspicious (auspicious, good)
Words meanings and morphology
एषा (eṣā) - this
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of etad
etad - this, he, she, it
Note: nominative singular feminine, referring to 'vṛtti' (way of life).
उदिता (uditā) - prescribed (proclaimed, declared, risen)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ud
ud - up, upwards, out
Past Passive Participle
from the root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ud' and suffix 'kta'. Implies 'that which has gone up', hence 'declared' or 'established'.
Prefix: ud
Root: i (class 2)
Note: nominative singular feminine, agreeing with eṣā and vṛtti.
गृहस्थस्य (gṛhasthasya) - for a householder (of the householder)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of gṛhastha
gṛhastha - householder
compound of 'gṛha' (house) and 'stha' (standing, dwelling).
Compound type : tatpurusha (gṛha+stha)
- gṛha – house, home
noun (neuter) - stha – standing, dwelling, existing
participle/noun (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root 'sthā' (to stand).
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: genitive singular, indicating possession or relation 'of the householder'.
वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - way of life (mode of living, conduct, livelihood)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛtti
vṛtti - conduct, behaviour, livelihood, profession, mode of existence, function
Nominal
from root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist, to happen) with the suffix 'ktin'.
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: nominative singular, subject of the sentence.
विप्रस्य (viprasya) - for a Brahmin (of the Brahmin)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - wise, learned, Brahmin
from root 'vip' (to tremble, to be quick, to praise)
Root: vip (class 1)
Note: genitive singular, indicating possession or relation 'of the Brahmin'.
शाश्वती (śāśvatī) - eternal (eternal, permanent)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of śāśvata
śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant
Note: nominative singular feminine, agreeing with vṛtti.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
स्नातकव्रतकल्पः (snātakavratakalpaḥ) - a practice for a student observing vows (a practice for a student who has completed his studies)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of snātakavratakalpa
snātakavratakalpa - practice of a snātaka (one who has completed Vedic studies and bathing) and observance of vows
compound of snātaka (one who has bathed after completing studies) and vratakalpa (observance of vows).
Compound type : dvandva (snātaka+vratakalpa)
- snātaka – a student who has completed his studies and performed the ritual bathing
noun (masculine)
from root 'snā' (to bathe) with suffix 'kta' and prefix 'sū'. 'that which has been bathed after'.
Root: snā (class 1) - vratakalpa – observance of vows, practice of religious vows
noun (masculine)
compound of 'vrata' (vow) and 'kalpa' (rule, practice, rite).
Note: nominative singular masculine, predicate nominative with 'eṣā'.
सत्त्वव्र्̥द्धिकरः (sattvavr̥ddhikaraḥ) - conducive to the growth of good qualities (causing increase of good qualities)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sattvavr̥ddhikara
sattvavr̥ddhikara - causing the increase of sattva (goodness, purity, strength)
compound of sattva (goodness, essence), vṛddhi (growth), and kara (causing).
Compound type : tatpurusha (sattva+vṛddhi+kara)
- sattva – being, reality, essence, goodness, strength, mind
noun (neuter)
from root 'sat' (to be).
Root: sat (class 1) - vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity
noun (feminine)
Nominal
from root 'vṛdh' (to grow).
Root: vṛdh (class 1) - kara – making, causing, doing
participle/noun (masculine)
Present Participle
from root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: nominative singular masculine, agreeing with snātakavratakalpaḥ.
शुभः (śubhaḥ) - auspicious (auspicious, good)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śubha
śubha - auspicious, good, beautiful, bright
Note: nominative singular masculine, agreeing with snātakavratakalpaḥ.