मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-2
अद्रोहेणैव भूतानामल्पद्रोहेण वा पुनः ।
या वृत्तिस्तां समास्थाय विप्रो जीवेदनापदि ॥२॥
या वृत्तिस्तां समास्थाय विप्रो जीवेदनापदि ॥२॥
2. adroheṇaiva bhūtānāmalpadroheṇa vā punaḥ ,
yā vṛttistāṁ samāsthāya vipro jīvedanāpadi.
yā vṛttistāṁ samāsthāya vipro jīvedanāpadi.
2.
adroheṇaiva bhūtānāmalpadroheṇa vā punaḥ |
yā vṛttistāṁ samāsthāya vipro jīvedanāpadi
yā vṛttistāṁ samāsthāya vipro jīvedanāpadi
2.
By acting without malice towards beings, or with minimal malice, a twice-born (vipra) should maintain that way of life in times of distress.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अद्रोहेण (adroheṇa) - without causing harm or malice (without harm, without injury, without malice)
- एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the manner (indeed, even, only)
- भूतानां (bhūtānāṁ) - of all sentient beings (of beings, of creatures)
- अल्पद्रोहेण (alpadroheṇa) - causing only a little harm or malice (with little harm, with minimal malice)
- वा (vā) - or
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again, or alternatively (again, further, moreover)
- या (yā) - which (which, that)
- वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - way of life, means of sustenance (livelihood, way of life, conduct)
- तां (tāṁ) - that (way of life) (that)
- समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having adopted, having embraced (that way of life) (having undertaken, having adopted, having resorted to)
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a learned twice-born person, a Brahmin (learned man, Brahmin, wise person)
- जीवेत् (jīvet) - should live, sustain oneself (should live, may live)
- अनापदि (anāpadi) - when not in distress or adversity (in the absence of distress, when not in distress)
Words meanings and morphology
अद्रोहेण (adroheṇa) - without causing harm or malice (without harm, without injury, without malice)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of adroha
adroha - non-injury, absence of malice, harmlessness
Negated form of droha.
एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the manner (indeed, even, only)
(indeclinable)
भूतानां (bhūtānāṁ) - of all sentient beings (of beings, of creatures)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of bhūta
bhūta - being, creature, element, past
Past Passive Participle
From root ~bhū~ 'to be, exist'.
Root: bhū (class 2)
अल्पद्रोहेण (alpadroheṇa) - causing only a little harm or malice (with little harm, with minimal malice)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of alpadroha
alpadroha - with little harm, with slight malice
Compound of alpa + droha.
Compound type : tatpurusha (alpa+droha)
- alpa – little, small, slight
adjective (masculine) - droha – harm, injury, malice, treachery
noun (masculine)
From root ~druh~ 'to harm'.
Root: druh (class 4)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
पुनः (punaḥ) - again, or alternatively (again, further, moreover)
(indeclinable)
या (yā) - which (which, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, that
Note: Refers to 'vṛtti'.
वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - way of life, means of sustenance (livelihood, way of life, conduct)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛtti
vṛtti - livelihood, profession, mode of life, conduct
From root ~vṛt~ 'to turn, exist, behave'.
Root: vṛt (class 1)
तां (tāṁ) - that (way of life) (that)
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Refers to 'vṛtti'.
समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having adopted, having embraced (that way of life) (having undertaken, having adopted, having resorted to)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive
Root ~sthā~ 'to stand' with prefix ~samā~ 'together, completely'.
Prefix: samā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a learned twice-born person, a Brahmin (learned man, Brahmin, wise person)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - wise, learned, learned man, Brahmin
From root ~vip~ 'to move quickly, to be brilliant'.
Root: vip (class 1)
जीवेत् (jīvet) - should live, sustain oneself (should live, may live)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of jīv
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Potential mood, third person singular.
अनापदि (anāpadi) - when not in distress or adversity (in the absence of distress, when not in distress)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of anāpad
anāpad - absence of distress, safety, good fortune
Negated form of āpad.
Note: Locative case, used here adverbially to mean 'in times of distress'.