मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-5
ऋतमुञ्छशिलं ज्ञेयममृतं स्यादयाचितम ।
मृतं तु याचितं भैक्षं प्रमृतं कर्षणं स्मृतम ॥५॥
मृतं तु याचितं भैक्षं प्रमृतं कर्षणं स्मृतम ॥५॥
5. ṛtamuñchaśilaṁ jñeyamamṛtaṁ syādayācitam ,
mṛtaṁ tu yācitaṁ bhaikṣaṁ pramṛtaṁ karṣaṇaṁ smṛtam.
mṛtaṁ tu yācitaṁ bhaikṣaṁ pramṛtaṁ karṣaṇaṁ smṛtam.
5.
ṛtaṃ uñchaśilaṃ jñeyam amṛtaṃ syād ayācitam |
mṛtaṃ tu yācitaṃ bhaikṣaṃ pramṛtaṃ karṣaṇaṃ smṛtam
mṛtaṃ tu yācitaṃ bhaikṣaṃ pramṛtaṃ karṣaṇaṃ smṛtam
5.
'Ṛta' (truthful earning) is known as gleaning (uñcha), 'amṛta' (unasked charity) is that which is unasked. 'Mṛta' (asked alms) is begging, and 'pramṛta' (agriculture) is remembered as cultivation.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ऋतं (ṛtaṁ) - 'ṛta' (truthful earning) (truth, righteousness, proper)
- उञ्छशिलं (uñchaśilaṁ) - gleaning (gleaning, collecting ears of corn)
- ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - is known as (that which is to be known, knowable)
- अमृतं (amṛtaṁ) - 'amṛta' (unasked charity) (immortal, nectar, pure, unasked charity)
- स्यात् (syāt) - is (may be, should be, it is)
- अयाचितम् (ayācitam) - unasked (unasked, not begged)
- मृतं (mṛtaṁ) - 'mṛta' (asked alms) (dead, begged, asked for)
- तु (tu) - but (but, however)
- याचितं (yācitaṁ) - begged (asked, begged)
- भैक्षं (bhaikṣaṁ) - alms (alms, begging)
- प्रमृतं (pramṛtaṁ) - 'pramṛta' (agriculture) (much dead, very dead, agricultural produce, earned by hard work)
- कर्षणं (karṣaṇaṁ) - cultivation (ploughing, agriculture, cultivation)
- स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is remembered as (remembered, considered)
Words meanings and morphology
ऋतं (ṛtaṁ) - 'ṛta' (truthful earning) (truth, righteousness, proper)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ṛta
ṛta - truth, cosmic order, righteousness, ritual, proper, correct, truthful earning
Note: Subject of 'jñeyam'.
उञ्छशिलं (uñchaśilaṁ) - gleaning (gleaning, collecting ears of corn)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of uñchaśila
uñchaśila - gleaning, collecting scattered grains
Compound type : tatpurusha (uñcha+śila)
- uñcha – gleaning, collecting fallen ears of grain
noun (masculine) - śila – habit, practice, character, conduct, stone
noun (feminine)
Note: Predicate nominative to 'ṛtaṃ'.
ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - is known as (that which is to be known, knowable)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jña
jña - knowing, wise, knowable
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of the root 'jñā' (to know).
Root: jñā (class 2)
Note: Predicate of 'ṛtaṃ'.
अमृतं (amṛtaṁ) - 'amṛta' (unasked charity) (immortal, nectar, pure, unasked charity)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of amṛta
amṛta - immortal, nectar, pure, unstale, unasked charity
Note: Subject of 'syāt'.
स्यात् (syāt) - is (may be, should be, it is)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (liṅ) of as
Potential
Root 'as' (to be). The form is 3rd person singular potential (vidhiliṅ).
Root: as (class 2)
अयाचितम् (ayācitam) - unasked (unasked, not begged)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ayācita
ayācita - unasked, not begged, unsolicited
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root 'yāc' (to beg, to ask) with the prefix 'a-' (not) and the suffix '-ita'.
Prefix: a
Root: yāc (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative to 'amṛtaṃ'.
मृतं (mṛtaṁ) - 'mṛta' (asked alms) (dead, begged, asked for)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛta
mṛta - dead, deceased, lifeless, begged, asked for
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of the root 'mṛ' (to die). In this context, refers to something obtained by asking.
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Subject of 'smṛtam'.
तु (tu) - but (but, however)
(indeclinable)
याचितं (yācitaṁ) - begged (asked, begged)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of yācita
yācita - asked, begged, requested
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of the root 'yāc' (to beg, to ask).
Root: yāc (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative to 'mṛtaṃ'.
भैक्षं (bhaikṣaṁ) - alms (alms, begging)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa
bhaikṣa - alms, begging, that which is obtained by begging
Note: Predicate nominative to 'mṛtaṃ'.
प्रमृतं (pramṛtaṁ) - 'pramṛta' (agriculture) (much dead, very dead, agricultural produce, earned by hard work)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pramṛta
pramṛta - much dead, very dead, agricultural product, earned by hard work
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of the root 'mṛ' with the prefix 'pra-'. Here implies produce from cultivation.
Prefix: pra
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Subject of 'smṛtam'.
कर्षणं (karṣaṇaṁ) - cultivation (ploughing, agriculture, cultivation)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of karṣaṇa
karṣaṇa - ploughing, agriculture, cultivation, drawing, attraction
Gerundive/Abstract Noun
Derived from the root 'kṛṣ' (to plough, to draw) with the suffix '-ana'.
Root: kṛṣ (class 6)
Note: Predicate nominative to 'pramṛtaṃ'.
स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is remembered as (remembered, considered)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, known, considered, thought
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of the root 'smṛ' (to remember).
Root: smṛ (class 4)
Note: Predicate of 'mṛtaṃ' and 'pramṛtaṃ'.