मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-147
वेदमेवाभ्यसेन्नित्यं यथाकालमतन्द्रितः ।
तं ह्यस्याहुः परं धर्ममुपधर्मोऽन्य उच्यते ॥१४७॥
तं ह्यस्याहुः परं धर्ममुपधर्मोऽन्य उच्यते ॥१४७॥
147. vedamevābhyasennityaṁ yathākālamatandritaḥ ,
taṁ hyasyāhuḥ paraṁ dharmamupadharmo'nya ucyate.
taṁ hyasyāhuḥ paraṁ dharmamupadharmo'nya ucyate.
147.
vedam evābhyasēt nityaṃ yathākālam atandritaḥ taṃ
hi asya āhuḥ paraṃ dharmam upadharmed anyaḥ ucyatē
hi asya āhuḥ paraṃ dharmam upadharmed anyaḥ ucyatē
147.
asya paraṃ dharmam taṃ hi āhuḥ,
anyaḥ upadharmaḥ ucyatē,
nityaṃ yathākālam atandritaḥ vedam eva abhyasēt
anyaḥ upadharmaḥ ucyatē,
nityaṃ yathākālam atandritaḥ vedam eva abhyasēt
147.
One should constantly study the Veda, without laziness, at the appropriate time. This is declared to be its supreme [constitutional] nature (dharma). Any other is called a secondary [constitutional] nature (upadharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वेदम् (vedam) - the sacred knowledge (Veda, knowledge, sacred texts)
- एव (eva) - only (indeed, only, even)
- अभ्यसेत् (abhyasēt) - should study (should study, should practice)
- नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly (always, constantly, regularly)
- यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the appropriate time (according to time, at the proper time)
- अतन्द्रितः (atandritaḥ) - without laziness, attentive (not sleepy, attentive, diligent)
- तं (taṁ) - that (him, her, it, that)
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)
- अस्य (asya) - its (his, her, its, their, of this)
- आहुः (āhuḥ) - is declared (they say, they call)
- परं (paraṁ) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, other)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - supreme [constitutional] nature (duty, righteousness, law, innate constitution, nature)
- उपधर्मेद् (upadharmed) - secondary [constitutional] nature (secondary dharma, sub-law, subordinate nature)
- अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other (other, another)
- उच्यते (ucyatē) - is called (is said, is called)
Words meanings and morphology
वेदम् (vedam) - the sacred knowledge (Veda, knowledge, sacred texts)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of veda
veda - knowledge, sacred knowledge, the Vedas
Root: vid (class 4)
एव (eva) - only (indeed, only, even)
(indeclinable)
अभ्यसेत् (abhyasēt) - should study (should study, should practice)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiling) of abhyas
Desiderative
Root 'as' (to sit, to be) + prefix 'abhi-' (towards) + suffix '-sa'. Habitual action.
Prefix: abhi
Root: as (class 2)
Note: optative mood indicating a command or recommendation
नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly (always, constantly, regularly)
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'ni-' (out) + root 'i' (to go), implying something that does not go away.
Prefix: ni
Root: i (class 2)
Note: used adverbially
यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the appropriate time (according to time, at the proper time)
(indeclinable)
Compound of 'yathā' (as, according to) and 'kāla' (time).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+kāla)
- yathā – as, like, according to
indeclinable - kāla – time, period, season
noun (masculine)
Note: used adverbially
अतन्द्रितः (atandritaḥ) - without laziness, attentive (not sleepy, attentive, diligent)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of atandrita
atandrita - not drowsy, attentive, diligent, careful
Past Passive Participle
Negation ('a-') + 'tandrita' (drowsy, careless), which is the past passive participle of the root 'tandr-' (to be drowsy, to be careless).
Prefix: a
Root: tandr (class 10)
तं (taṁ) - that (him, her, it, that)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: referring to 'veda'
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)
(indeclinable)
अस्य (asya) - its (his, her, its, their, of this)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of asya
asya - of him, of her, of it, of this
Note: referring to 'veda'
आहुः (āhuḥ) - is declared (they say, they call)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of āhu
Periphrastic Perfect
Root 'ah' (to say) + '-uḥ' ending. Third person plural of the perfect tense.
Root: ah (class 2)
परं (paraṁ) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, other)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of para
para - beyond, far, distant, other, supreme, ultimate
Note: modifying 'dharma'
धर्मम् (dharmam) - supreme [constitutional] nature (duty, righteousness, law, innate constitution, nature)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, innate quality, nature, essence, religion
Derived from the root 'dhṛ' (to hold, to sustain).
Root: dhṛ (class 2)
उपधर्मेद् (upadharmed) - secondary [constitutional] nature (secondary dharma, sub-law, subordinate nature)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of upadharma
upadharma - a subordinate duty, a secondary law, an incidental practice
Compound of 'upa-' (near, subordinate, secondary) and 'dharma' (nature, law, duty).
Compound type : tatpurusha (upa+dharma)
- upa – near, by, towards, under, secondary, subordinate
prefix - dharma – duty, righteousness, law, innate quality, nature, essence
noun (masculine)
Derived from the root 'dhṛ' (to hold, to sustain).
Root: dhṛ (class 2)
अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other (other, another)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anya
anya - other, another, different
Note: referring to 'upadharma'
उच्यते (ucyatē) - is called (is said, is called)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of ucy
Passive form
Passive of 'vac' (to say). Present tense, third person singular.
Root: vac (class 2)