मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-37
नेक्षेतोद्यन्तमादित्यं नास्तं यान्तं कदा चन ।
नोपसृष्टं न वारिस्थं न मध्यं नभसो गतम ॥३७॥
नोपसृष्टं न वारिस्थं न मध्यं नभसो गतम ॥३७॥
37. nekṣetodyantamādityaṁ nāstaṁ yāntaṁ kadā cana ,
nopasṛṣṭaṁ na vāristhaṁ na madhyaṁ nabhaso gatam.
nopasṛṣṭaṁ na vāristhaṁ na madhyaṁ nabhaso gatam.
37.
na-īkṣeta-udiyam-ādityam na-āstam yāntam kadā cana |
na-upasṛṣṭam na vāri-stham na madhyam nabhasaḥ gatam
na-upasṛṣṭam na vāri-stham na madhyam nabhasaḥ gatam
37.
One should never look at the rising sun, nor at the setting sun, nor at one that is obscured, nor one that is in water, nor one that has reached the middle of the sky.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not
- ईक्षेत (īkṣeta) - should look (should see, should look)
- उद्यन्तम् (udyantam) - rising (rising, ascending)
- आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun
- न (na) - nor (not)
- आस्तम् (āstam) - setting (setting, going down)
- यान्तम् (yāntam) - going (going, moving)
- कदा (kadā) - ever (when)
- चन (cana) - ever (ever, at all)
- न (na) - nor (not)
- उपसृष्टम् (upasṛṣṭam) - obscured, touched by something (touched, affected, defiled)
- न (na) - nor (not)
- वारि-स्थम् (vāri-stham) - in water (standing in water)
- न (na) - nor (not)
- मध्यम् (madhyam) - middle (of the sky) (middle)
- नभसः (nabhasaḥ) - of the sky (of the sky, of the atmosphere)
- गतम् (gatam) - reached (gone, reached)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates 'īkṣeta'.
ईक्षेत (īkṣeta) - should look (should see, should look)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhliṅg) of īkṣ
Root Verb
Root 'īkṣ' (to see).
Root: īkṣ (class 1)
उद्यन्तम् (udyantam) - rising (rising, ascending)
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, singular of udyam
udyam - rising, ascending
Present Active Participle
from √yam (to go, stretch) with prefix 'ud' (up).
Prefix: ud
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'ādityam'.
आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya
āditya - the sun (son of Aditi)
derived from 'Aditi'.
न (na) - nor (not)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates 'īkṣeta'.
आस्तम् (āstam) - setting (setting, going down)
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, singular of āstam
āstam - setting, going down
Present Active Participle
from √am (to go) with prefix 'ā' (down).
Prefix: ā
Root: am (class 2)
Note: Modifies 'ādityam'.
यान्तम् (yāntam) - going (going, moving)
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yānta
yānta - going, moving, departed
Past Passive Participle
from √yā (to go).
Root: yā (class 2)
Note: Here 'āstam yāntam' means 'going towards setting'.
कदा (kadā) - ever (when)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used with 'na ca na' to mean 'never'.
चन (cana) - ever (ever, at all)
(indeclinable)
Note: Often used with negations for emphasis.
न (na) - nor (not)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates 'īkṣeta'.
उपसृष्टम् (upasṛṣṭam) - obscured, touched by something (touched, affected, defiled)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of upasṛṣṭa
upasṛṣṭa - touched, affected, defiled, polluted
Past Passive Participle
from √sṛj (to create, release) with prefix 'upa' (near) and 'sam' (together) and suffix 'kta'.
Prefix: upa
Root: sṛj (class 6)
Note: Modifies the implied subject (sun).
न (na) - nor (not)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates 'īkṣeta'.
वारि-स्थम् (vāri-stham) - in water (standing in water)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vāristḥa
vāristḥa - standing in water
Past Passive Participle
compound of 'vāri' (water) and 'stha' (standing).
Compound type : tatpurusha (vāri+stha)
- vāri – water
noun (neuter) - stha – standing, existing, located
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from √sthā (to stand).
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Modifies the implied subject (sun), meaning the sun's reflection in water.
न (na) - nor (not)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates 'īkṣeta'.
मध्यम् (madhyam) - middle (of the sky) (middle)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of madhya
madhya - middle, center
Note: Modifies 'gatam', referring to the sun's position.
नभसः (nabhasaḥ) - of the sky (of the sky, of the atmosphere)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of nabhas
nabhas - sky, atmosphere, vapor, mist
Note: Specifies 'madhyam'.
गतम् (gatam) - reached (gone, reached)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of gata
gata - gone, departed, reached, past
Past Passive Participle
from √gam (to go).
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Modifies the implied subject (sun), meaning the sun that has reached the middle of the sky.